Though he was a nationalist in his own way, the question would always make him uneasy. Their liaison had become public on the night of 5 Feb. 1977, when Lévesque, with Corinne in his car, had accidentally run over a homeless man lying in the street.

But at the same time, he noted in his memoirs that Quebecers were probably the only people to have “refused such a chance to acquire full power over themselves peacefully and democratically.” Nonetheless, the epitaph written for him by poet Félix Leclerc gives a meaning to his legacy, which is not measured solely in reforms and laws. Besides, the advantages of nationalization had finally been made obvious. Prime Minister Trudeau, half-heartedly congratulating the winner, warned him that he would never negotiate the partition of Canada. Lévesque rejoint le parti libéral de Jean Lesage lors des élections provinciales de 1960 et est élu député à Montréal, participant à la défaite de l’ancien gouvernement de l’Union nationale. Drouin, “Fonds Drouin numérisé,” Saint-Étienne (New Carlisle), 10 sept. 1922: www.imagesdrouinpepin.com (consulted 6 Aug. 2008). La tasa de paro superaba el 10%, había déficit en las cuentas públicas y la situación social era muy tensa, con múltiples huelgas durante sus dos mandatos. Contre toute attente, le PQ est réélu en 1981 et Lévesque conduit son deuxième gouvernement majoritaire. If Canadian moneylenders did not want to assist in underwriting nationalization, the Americans would be only too glad to do so, since the province’s debt was one of the lowest in the country. Six years earlier, in December 1978, he had created a historic precedent by convening a meeting in Quebec City between the provincial government and the chiefs and representatives of 40 Quebec bands, with a view to initiating a rapprochement between whites and native people. At public works, convinced that it was possible to be a politician and remain honest, Lévesque attacked corruption, at the request of his leader, who had made it one of his priorities. de Montréal of the Bibliothèque et Arch. En las elecciones generales de Quebec del 22 de junio de ese mismo año, fue elegido diputado de la Asamblea Nacional de Quebec por el Partido Liberal en la circunscripción de Montréal-Laurier. Su Gobierno fue el primero de Canadá que prohibió la discriminación por razones de orientación sexual, a través de la "Carta de Derechos de las Personas" de 1977. “We are Québécois,” he declared in the manifesto he issued first to his supporters in the riding of Laurier on 18 Sept. 1967. During these years he worked closely with Judith Jasmin*, with whom he carried on a love affair.
Yet it was not so much the proclamation of French as the official language that had outraged anglophones, but rather the linguistic tests imposed on children who wanted to enrol in an English school. In the government of Jean Lesage, he served as minister of hydroelectric resources and public works from 1960 to 1961, and minister of natural resources from 1961 to 1965. First of all, Lévesque could finally achieve his goal of political transparency; he pushed it to the limit by banning secret electoral funds and replacing them in 1977 with a system of public financing for political parties. But since he was a gifted student and took all the prizes, he was forgiven everything. Petit, atteint d’une calvitie précoce et fumeur à la chaîne, Lévesque n’a pas le physique de l’emploi pour s’imposer sur ce médium visuel en plein essor; toutefois, son intelligence, son sens de la répartie et sa capacité à expliquer les événements du monde à un public local lui permettront de devenir l’une des premières véritables vedettes de la télévision québécoise. This policy stood in the way of Lévesque’s determination to diversify Quebec agriculture to develop the food-processing industry and agricultural self-sufficiency.

It must now be entrusted to the Quebec Hydroelectric Commission (or Hydro-Quebec), created in 1944 by the government of Adélard. , a cult program of the late 1950s, he used his passion for teaching and communicating to explain the world’s great dramatic events, such as the Suez crisis and the war in Algeria.
Huit provinces s’opposent aux plans de Trudeau et les combattent devant les tribunaux; Lévesque est l’un des premiers ministres provinciaux les plus volontaires et les plus virulents (avec l’Albertain Peter Lougheed) de ce groupe que l’on a parfois appelé « Groupe des huit ».

René Lévesque, premier ministre du Québec de 1976 à 1985, homme politique, journaliste, militant nationaliste (né le 24 août 1922 à Campbellton, NB; décédé le 1er novembre 1987 à Montréal, QC). The FLQ had kidnapped James Richard Cross, a British diplomat, and Pierre Laporte*, the provincial minister of labour and manpower, as well as of immigration, who would be found murdered on 17 October. He would always be suspicious of the possible blunders of the Quebec nationalism that he himself would nonetheless strongly and rationally personify. He confirmed in his memoirs: “I am a nationalist … if that means being for oneself, fiercely for oneself – or against something … against a given situation. Although he occasionally toned down his minister’s aggressive behaviour, he nevertheless suggested to Pearson that he bring Laing into line and demanded, at the federal-provincial conference held in November 1963, that the transfer of jurisdiction be put into effect before 1 April 1964. Since Lévesque had stumbled earlier by emphasizing Trudeau’s middle name, “Elliott,” which recalled his mother’s Scottish ancestry (just as Trudeau himself had stumbled during the 1976 election by evoking the victory “of the blood brothers” to distinguish the francophones who had voted for the PQ from the anglophones and allophones who had supported the Liberals), the prime minister made a point of shouting out that his “name is a Quebec name.” On 14, May, shortly before the vote, Trudeau promised to resign if federalism was not renewed to the satisfaction of Quebecers. For a pro-independence party, the prospects of coming to power had never been so good. In June, when the Allies landed on French soil, Lévesque was eager to get to the line of fire, but his wartime odyssey did not really begin until February 1945. La Presse (Montréal), 14 avril 1979. The province was paralyzed by an avalanche of illegal strikes, which was brought to an end in February. Comme la ville ne possède pas d’hôpital en 1922, sa mère accouche à Campbellton, une ville du Nouveau-Brunswick proche de New Carlisle. The new premier, Lesage, initially gave Lévesque two portfolios, public works and hydraulic resources. Le seul élément positif que Lévesque retire du référendum c’est qu’il a, selon lui, au moins légitimé le droit des Québécois à déterminer leur propre futur en matière de relations avec la Confédération, Ottawa ayant, de fait, reconnu ce point en participant activement à la campagne. “The first page of the true, beautiful history of Quebec has just ended.… From now on, he belongs on the short list of the liberators of people.”.

In the opinion of former premier Bourassa, the referendum was Lévesque’s most serious political error, for he had held it knowing that he would lose, thereby opening the way for Trudeau, who was burning with desire to repatriate the constitution without taking account of the province’s demands. Su partido venció los comicios, y el nuevo Primer ministro, le nombró Ministro de recursos hidroeléctricos y obras públicas. His party assumed power with 41.1 per cent of the popular vote and 71 seats out of 110, and even managed to unseat Bourassa in his own riding. Lévesque could not rely on his mna pension since he was sending it to his wife, who was raising their three children. Shortly before that fateful date, he made a vain attempt to persuade the director general of Radio-Canada to find him a job as a war correspondent in one of its overseas teams. On his father’s side, his ancestor Charles Pearson had mutinied when in the Royal Navy; after deserting his ship in the harbour at the mouth of the Rivière Ouelle, he had put down roots in the area and become the first miller of the seigneurial mill. The eldest of four children, he made an impression on everyone, both at the local school in New Carlisle and at the Séminaire de Gaspé, where he began his classical studies in September 1933. After his defeat in Laurier, Le Journal de Montréal in turn made him an offer of $200 a week. He still smoked as much in front of the camera, and he wore short-sleeved shirts and, invariably, sports shoes, the eternal “Wallabees” that amused the press. Thanks to this last trial of strength with Ottawa, and the earlier one that had pitted him against Laing, Lévesque took the measure of Canadian federalism, which seemed to him to have been hardening with respect to Quebec’s demands since the arrival of Pierre Elliott, in Ottawa following the November 1965 election.

Sin embargo, mantuvo su escaño en la Asamblea Nacional y pasó a la oposición. Two major boulevards now bear his name, one in Montreal and one in Quebec City. During the 1976 election campaign, he had promised to hold a referendum before the end of his first term of office.

Then, by forcing Lesage’s hand while the premier was under pressure from the big companies, he would create in 1965, with the support of his cabinet ally Eric William Kierans*, the Quebec Mining Exploration Company (SOQUEM). He was posthumously made a grand officer of the National Order of Quebec in 2008. The FLQ had kidnapped James Richard Cross, a British diplomat, and Pierre, , the provincial minister of labour and manpower, as well as of immigration, who would be found murdered on 17, October. On 5 May 1964 Le Devoir’s headline on the report of his visit to Timmins, Ont., stated that, according to Lévesque, “better separation than constant quarrelling.” On 9 May, speaking to the students at the Collège Sainte-Marie in Montreal, he declared that the only appropriate status for Quebec was that of an associate state, a status which would have to be negotiated with the rest of Canada “without rifles and without dynamite as far as possible.… If Quebec is refused this status, we will have to separate,” Le –Devoir noted two days later. René Lévesque, (born August 24, 1922, Campbellton, New Brunswick, Canada—died November 1, 1987, Montreal, Quebec), premier of the French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec (1976–85) and a leading advocate of sovereignty for that province.

They were afraid that these tests would keep immigrants and francophones out of their schools. In 1956, though his bosses at Radio-Canada doubted he had the looks for the job, Lévesque finally made the leap to television and quickly rose to the rank of “god of the TV screen,” to quote Georges-Émile Lapalme, leader of the provincial Liberal Party. but also making a breakthrough into circles that had previously rejected his message, such as small shopkeepers, mayors of villages and small towns, women, the elderly, farmers, and even military personnel. The Liberal Party elected 102 members, thanks to a not-very-democratic voting system that gave 5.5 per, cent of the seats to the party that had won 30.2 per, 1974 convention drew near, he agreed, at the urgent request of his entourage, to stay at his post, but on his own terms.


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