In the late 1930s, during the period of British rule, a few Myanmar organizations or parties formed an alliance named Burma's Htwet-Yet (Liberation) Group, one of them being Dobama Asiayone. Following the coup, the military immediately banned all opposition parties and nationalised the countrys major industries and businesses. The defenders of the military in Myanmar overwhelmingly hail from the ethnic Bamar majority, who view themselves as the rightful heirs to Burmas past kingdoms. Down 1 ranking in 2023 for comprehensive power. 3 Medium Field Artillery battalion equipped with 155mm, 130mm, 122mm howitzers and field guns, 1 Air Defence Artillery battalion with 37mm, 57mm, 14 Regional Military Commands (RMC) organised in 6 Bureau of Special Operations (BSO), 20 Military Operations Commands (MOC) including 1 Airborne Infantry Division, 5 Armoured Operation Commands (AOC) (Each with 6, 10 Artillery Operation Commands (AOC) (with of 113 Field Artillery Battalions), 40+ Military Affairs Security Companies (MAS Units replaces former Military Intelligence Units after the disbandment of the Directorate of Defence Service Intelligence (DDSI)), Samuel Blythe, 'Army conditions leave Myanmar under strength,', This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 14:55. Myanmar's powerful military has taken control of the country in a coup and declared a state of emergency, following the detention of Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior government leaders in. The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel. Read about our approach to external linking. The Government Gazette reported that 1.8trillion kyat (about US$2billion), or 23.6 percent of the 2011 budget was for military expenditures.[6]. [22] Classified in the army's service as a light tank, the Cascavel is currently deployed in the eastern Shan State and triangle regions near the Thai border. Despite the change, he ensured the Tatmadaw continued to hold 25% of parliamentary seats and crucial security-related cabinet portfolios, while resisting the NLD's attempts to amend the constitution and limit military power. 1 Signal Security Battalion was formed, followed by No. A separate statement on the militarys Facebook page said that the Tatmadaw, as Myanmars military is known in Burmese, would hold a free and fair general election at the end of the year and that it would perform real multi-party democracy with complete balance and fairness.. Since 2000, the Directorate of Artillery Corps has overseen the expansion of Artillery Operations Commands(AOC) from two to 10. Hover over the pie slices in the chart below for more details. Nuclear powers like the United States (US), Russia and India occupy the top four sports. 3. . At the time of independence in 1948, the medical corps has two Base Military Hospitals, each with 300 beds, in Mingalardon and Pyin Oo Lwin, a Medical Store Depot in Yangon, a Dental Unit and six Camp Reception Stations located in Myitkyina, Sittwe, Taungoo, Pyinmana, Bago and Meikhtila. The Myanmar military has appointed some familiar faces to key government posts after the coup that ousted the civilian government. General Aung San, the architect of Myanmars independence and the father of detained State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, founded the Burma National Army with help from Japan in the early 1940s. Health & Disease Control Unit (HDCU) is responsible for prevention, control & eradication of diseases. Myanmar's military wasn't always a repressive force. The most serious problem was the tension between ethnic Karen Officers, coming from the British Burma Army and Bamar officers, coming from the Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF). The most significant expansion after the infantry in the army was in armour and artillery. During the 2007 monk-led popular protests known internationally as the saffron revolution, he took charge of restoring order in Yangon after weeks of unrest in a crackdown that killed dozens of people. Destroyers are the largest named, non-carrier ship type in modern fleets (not including Cruisers which are used by only a few powers). 2022 showed just how natural resources can be 'weaponized' by one party over another. U Wunna Maung Lwin had a long history with the military, serving for nearly three decades before retiring as a colonel. A coup d'tat in Myanmar began on the morning of 1 February 2021, when democratically elected members of the country's ruling party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), were deposed by the TatmadawMyanmar's militarywhich then vested power in a military junta.Acting president Myint Swe proclaimed a year-long state of emergency and declared power had been transferred to Commander-in . The Tatmadaws consequent clearance operations targeting Rohingya civilians in 2016-17 was supported by the majority of the Burmese public, despite the attacks being defined as massacres and even as a genocide by many in the international community. The highest rank in the Myanmar Army is Senior General, equivalent to field marshal in Western armies and is currently held by Min Aung Hlaing after being promoted from Vice-Senior General. on the Network Power map. [citation needed], Regional Operations Commands (ROC) ( ) are commanded by a brigadier general, are similar to infantry brigades in Western Armies. Gen Min Aung Hlaing, 64, initiated the coup on Monday and has since been appointed Myanmars leader for the next year. In 2000, Command, Control and Communication system of Myanmar Army has been substantially upgraded by setting up the military fibre optic communication network managed by Directorate of Signal throughout the country. Among those arrested were State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint of her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), which won a sweeping victory in national elections on November 8. [8][17], No. It is also a four-star rank but it is higher than the ordinary General or Admiral. Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. The rank was upgraded to major general on 23 April 1979. Additionally, there is no distinction made between dedicated-attack, ballistic missile, and nuclear-attack types. The military chief was condemned internationally for the alleged "genocide", and in August 2018 the UN Human Rights Council said: "Myanmar's top military generals, including Commander-in-Chief Senior-General Min Aung Hlaing, must be investigated and prosecuted for genocide in the north of Rakhine State, as well as for crimes against humanity and war crimes in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan States.". Only a few select nations maintain an aircraft carrier as part of their surface fleet. Hover over pie slices in the chart below for category information. France, Score: 0.17. The GFP formula tracks various factors related to logistics which prove critical to any one global power in both war and peace time. More than 100 people are feared to have been killed in Tuesday's airstrike by the Myanmar military, one of the deadliest so far in the civil war. While assisting the British Army in 1945, the Myanmar Army entered into its third phase, as the Patriotic Burmese Force (PBF), and the country became under British rule again. The military has been the most powerful institution in Myanmar since the country's independence from Britain in 1948. History of the Burma army FILE PHOTO: Myanmar's junta chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, who ousted the elected government in a coup, presides at an army parade on Armed Forces Day in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, March 27, 2021. In 2017, more than 750,000 Rohingya were forced to flee to neighbouring Bangladesh. For an in-depth overview of current leading naval powers of the world, including active inventories and strengths, consult the, World Directory of Modern Military Warships (www.WDMMW.org). It is administered by the Ministry of Defence and composed of the Myanmar Army, the Myanmar Navy and the Myanmar Air Force.Auxiliary services include the Myanmar Police Force, the Border Guard Forces, the Myanmar Coast Guard, and the People's . The force is headed by the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Army (()), currently Vice-Senior General Soe Win, concurrently Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services ( ), with Senior General Min Aung Hlaing as the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services (). Share on Facebook. GFP tracks specific categories related to land warfare capabilities of a given power. 'little lieutenant'), Sergeant are referred to as Saya and Corporal/Lance Corporal as Saya Lay (, lit. [citation needed]. In 1988, the Burmese people, led by student activists, staged nationwide protests against economic mismanagement by the military and demanded democratic reforms. Yangon, Myanmar CNN Myanmar's military junta wants you to believe that the situation is improving in the country, that security forces are exercising restraint and that the ongoing. In 2011, following a transition from military government to civilian parliamentary government, the Myanmar Army imposed a military draft on all citizens: all males from age 18 to 35 and all females from 18 to 27 years of age can be drafted into military service for two years as enlisted personnel in time of national emergency. In addition to the regular rank insignia, the general/flag officers have additional ones, that are only for them. The GFP list makes use of over 60 factors in our in-house formula to determine a given nation's Power Index ('PwrIndx') score. Myanmar also dropped one place in both the resilience and future resources measures. These unofficial ranks are in used throughout the daily life of all branches of Myanmar Armed Forces. Similarly, they can support rotorcraft and operate independently or as part of the main fighting fleet. They were followed by another two LIDs in the period prior to the 1988 military coup (the 33rd LID with headquarters at Sagaing and the 22nd LID with headquarters at Hpa-An). Myint Swe is a close ally of the former military leader Than Shwe, who stepped down to allow the transition to a quasi-civilian government beginning in 2011. 4Ranks and insignia Toggle Ranks and insignia subsection 4.1Commissioned officer ranks 4.2Other ranks 5Order of battle 6Equipment 7Gallery 8See also 9Note 10References 11Further reading 12External links Toggle the table of contents Toggle the table of contents Myanmar Army 9 languages Deutsch Franais Italiano In 1961, signal battalions were reorganised as No. [citation needed] Insignia-wearing staffs within the Myanmar Armed Forces are usually seasoned veteran soldiers with wide-ranging experience of the battlefield, thus both officers and enlisted men refer to them as "teacher" out of respect as well as affection. In the early hours of February 1, Myanmars security forces detained a number of senior elected political leaders, chief ministers, and activists in the capital, Naypyidaw, and across the country. Border Guard Forces, BGFs (23 battalions). The Tatmadaw promised to hold new elections and hand power over to a civilian government after drafting a new constitution but failed to do so for 18 years. Each consists of 10 Mechanised Infantry battalions equipped with BTR-3 armoured personnel carriers, Headquarters and support units including field artillery batteries. In 1952, the Infantry Divisional Signals Regiment was formed and later renamed to No. Each Artillery Operation Command is composed of the following:[citation needed], As of 2000, the Artillery wing of the Tatmadaw has about 60 battalions and 37 independent Artillery companies/batteries attached to various Regional Military Commands (RMC), Light Infantry Divisions (LID), Military Operation Command (MOC) and Regional Operation Command (ROC). The military has been the most powerful institution in Myanmar since the countrys independence from Britain in 1948. [10] Prior to the coup, he had been considered one of the favourites to replace Gen Min Aung Hlaing when he reached mandatory retirement age this year. Each Field Medical Battalion consist of 3 Field Medical Companies with 3 Field Hospital Units and a specialist team each. [citation needed], A total of 337 infantry and light infantry battalions organised in Tactical Operations Commands, 37 independent field artillery regiments supported by affiliated support units including armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions. Currently there are 5 Armoured Operations Commands under Directorate of Armoured Corps in the Tatmadaw order of battle. [7][8] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. Gen Min Aung Hlaing will lead Myanmar for the next year. For example, MOC-20 in Kawthaung wore the arm insignia of Coastal Region Military Command. He is a former chief minister of Yangon, Myanmars biggest city, and for years headed its regional military command. The ministry oversees police, prisons and intelligence. Entries below showcase broadly similar fighting capabilities according to the GFP formula. The BSO-1 was to oversee the operations under the Northern Command, Northeastern Command, the Eastern Command, and the Northwestern Command. (Teza Hlaing / Frontier), Fleet Exercise-2020 conducted with involvement of attack submarine Minye Theinkhathu of Tatmadaw (Navy) to enhance defence prowess of State. Sydney loses ranking as Australia's biggest city. Units of 101st LID were deployed during the purge of Military Intelligence faction in 2004. Oil bbl represented as unit 'barrel of oil'. The militarys sustained repression of ethnic minority groups fighting for basic citizenship rights and tendency to imprison any activist, journalist or politician resisting its authority led to it losing significant public support over the years. In 1981, it was described as 'probably the best army in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnam's'. In Myanmar, military rank system and insignia are used by the Myanmar Armed Forces, its auxiliary services, some government departments and some civilian organizations. That transition eventually allowed Myanmar to escape the international sanctions that had isolated the regime for years, hindering foreign investment. The RMCs, commanded by major general, are managed through a framework of Bureau of Special Operations (BSOs), which are equivalent to field army group in Western terms. Myanmar Military Power 2023 Global Ranking. Ranking the military powers of the Southeast Asian region by country, from strongest to weakest. For other uses, see, Directorate of Missiles (Myanmar Missile Artillery), Directorate of Artillery (Myanmar Artillery), Directorate of Armour (Myanmar Armored Corps), Office of the Chief of Air Defence (Myanmar Air Defence Artillery), , , This representative emblem is also the Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (SSI) of the office of. Myanmar Military Power. Its unity and operational efficiency was further weakened by the interference of civilians and politicians in military affairs, and the perception gap between the staff officers and field commanders. RMCs are similar to corps formations in Western armies. Military Firepower; Country; Ranking; Home - Country - Myanmar Military Power. So what is behind the Tatmadaws enduring control over Myanmars political system? [8][17], Missile, Artillery and armoured units were not used in an independent role, but were deployed in support of the infantry by the Ministry of Defence as required. 26 75% Complete. Natural resources are critical to a nation in both war and peace time, in some cases forming the lifeblood of a given world power. His political influence and social media presence increased as the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) led the government. He was accompanied by Brigadier General Tun Ye from the Ministry of Defence. The Myanmar Army (Burmese: (), pronounced[tamd t]) is the largest branch of the Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) of Myanmar (Burma) and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. In 2016 and 2017, the military intensified a crackdown on the Rohingya ethnic minority in the northern Rakhine state, leading to many Rohingya Muslims fleeing Myanmar. A former law student at Yangon University, he entered the Defence Services Academy on his third attempt in 1974. Compact 'midget' submarines are also included as they still form portions of some fleets (as is the case for North Korea and Iran). The ROC commander holds financial, administrative and judicial authority while the MOC and LID commanders do not have judicial authority.[8][17]. State-run MRTV television reported that the State . In 1989, Directorate of Medical Services has significantly expanded along with the infantry. The published content of the pages contained herein is unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse in any form. The rank insignia of commissioned officers. The rank insignia of Myanmar Armed Forces is the basic form for all other rank insignia in Myanmar. In July 2020, Britain also imposed sanctions on Min Aung Hlaing, accusing him and his deputy army commander, Soe Win, of orchestrating systematic violence against the Rohingya. The Armed Forces has a unique general officer rank: Vice-senior general (Burmese: , romanized:Dautaiya bauila khayupa mahkar), a rank between the five-star rank of Senior general and the four-star rank of General/Admiral. Originally, the bureau was for "special operations", wherever they were, that needed co-ordination among various Regional Military Commands (RMC). [12] Even the Thai people, not known to praise the Burmese lightly, have described the Myanmar Army as "skilled in the art of jungle warfare".[13]. BSTS based in Pyain Oo Lwin was formed with Operating Cipher Training Troop, Dispacth Rider Training Troop, Lineman Training Troop, Radio Mechanic Training Troop and Regimental Signals Training Troop. Since ousting Myanmar's civilian leadership last month, setting off nationwide protests, it has only sharpened its savage reputation, killing more than 420 people and assaulting, detaining or. But the English translations of titles are different according to the branch. Those units are distributed to ROCs in central & upper regions to use in counterinsurgency operations.[17]. The relatively unassuming infantryman kept getting regular promotions and moved up the ladder, eventually becoming commander of the Bureau of Special Operations-2 in 2009. U Win Shein has previously held posts as deputy minister for transportation (2011-2012) and finance (2012). Part of the Military Factory network of sites that includes, 2023 www.GlobalFirepower.com All Rights Reserved Content 2006-2023 (17yrs). A presenter on the military-owned news . A year later, 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Colonel Saw Tun as commander. All services including military engineers, supply and transport, ordnance and medical services, Navy and Air Force were all commanded by former officers from ABRO and British Burma Army. Manpower is one of the few categories that every nation satisfies in the GFP index to one extent or another. Most of the casualties at these battles were the result of intense and heavy bombardment by the Tatmadaw Kyee. 'teacher') by both enlisted staffs and officers. About: GlobalFirepower.com is an annually-updated, statistics-based website tracking defense-related information of 145 nations and exists as a wholly-independent resource. Manpower available for military service > Males age 18-49 per 1000 : This entry gives the number of males and females falling in the military age range for the country and assumes that every individual is fit to serve. At the time of Myanmar's independence in 1948, the Tatmadaw was weak, small and disunited. Explore further results in the [citation needed], In accordance with the agreement reached at Kandy Conference in September 1945, the Tatmadaw was reorganised by incorporating the British Burma Army and the Patriotic Burmese Forces. When Min Aung Hlaing became military chief, blogger and writer Hla Oo - who said they had known each other in childhood - described him as "a battle-hardened warrior of brutal Burmese Army", but also called him a "serious scholar and gentleman". Myanmars largest decline in 2022 was in its military capability score, where it lost two places. [17] Members of MOC does not wear distinguished arm insignias and instead uses their respective RMC's arm insignias. The military has kept U Wunna Maung Lwin, 68, in his post as foreign minister. That all changed Monday, when the military seized power in a coup, arrested 75-year-old Suu Kyi, cut internet services and took news channels off the air. This surface is used for the launching and retrieval of fixed-wing aircraft (as a primary function) and rotorcraft (as a secondary function). For example, the three-star general rank in Burmese is "" (bauila khayupa) for all three branches, but for the English translation, it is "Major General" for Army and Air Force, while it is "Vice Admiral" for the Navy. Myanmar's. These factor into a nation's ability to move man, machine, and supplies from one point to another - a particularly important quality when considering mass-mobilization. (Teza Hlaing / Frontier), / photo- myo kyaw kyaw, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_ranks_of_Myanmar&oldid=1149712638. MOC are similar to mechanised infantry divisions in Western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, and organic support units including field artillery. Myanmar is a minor power in Asia. Myanmar Police Force is an independent department of the Ministry of Home Affairs, one of the ministries under administration of Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. The units were introduced under the General Staff Office on 28 April 1978 and 1 June 1979. A soldier carries a sniper rifle during a demonstration against the. Min Aung Hlaing, (born July 3, 1956, Tavoy (now Dawei), Burma (now Myanmar)), military officer of Myanmar who, as commander in chief of the Tatmadaw (Myanmar's armed forces), was handed power in February 2021 and from August 2021 served as prime minister of a military-led caretaker government. Her government also relied on Chinese investment to complete major infrastructure projects in the country. The Directorate of Artillery and Armour Corps was also divided into separate corps in 2001. The ages for professionals are up to 45 for men and 35 for women for three years service as commissioned and non-commissioned officers. In light of Myanmars near pariah status in the international arena in the wake of the Rakhine State crisis, Aung San Suu Kyi increasingly relied on Beijing for diplomatic support in the United Nations. When the generals seized full power in Myanmar on Feb. 1, curtailing a decade-long experiment with limited democratic reforms, they surely did not expect that it would ignite so much resistance. Twenty of these Artillery battalions are grouped under 707th Artillery Operation Command (AOC) headquarters in Kyaukpadaung and 808th Artillery Operation Command (AOC) headquarters in Oaktwin, near Taungoo. 11th LID was formed in December 1988 with headquarters at Inndine, Bago Division and 101st LID was formed in 1991 with its headquarters at Pakokku. The US Treasury also froze his US-based assets and banned doing business with him and three other Myanmar military leaders. Tank Battalion was formed with 25 Comet tanks acquired from the United Kingdom. M-1991 rocket artillery system of Myanmar Army, MAM-02 240mm multiple launch rocket systems of Myanmar Army at the Armed Force Day Parade,2015, GYD-1B(KS-1M) missile production facility of Myanmar Army, MADV self-propelled short range air defence system of Myanmar Army, 2K22M Tunguska air defence system of Myanmar Army, S-75M3 Volga-2 air defence system of Myanmar Army, Kub 2K12M2 air defence system of Myanmar Army, 1S91 "Straight Flush" radar of Myanmar Army, Kavadat-M air defence systems of Myanmar Army, Pechora-2M air defence systems of Myanmar Army, "Burmese Army" redirects here. Here's a look at the long arm of the military. This formation remained unchanged until 1988. Since Myanmar emerged as an independent nation in 1948, the army has staged three coups to secure its firm hold on political and economic power. The Armour Corps within Myanmar Army was the most neglected one for nearly thirty years since the Tatmadaw had not procured any new tanks or armoured carriers since 1961. 1 Armour Company and No. There were a total of 15 rifle battalions at the time of independence and four of them were made up of former members of PBF. 3 Signal Battalion in November 1958 and No.4 Signal Battalion in October 1959. Tatmadaw planned to establish an AROC each in 7 Regional Military Commands. Less than a year later, he was tapped for the military's top post ahead of more senior generals, succeeding long-time leader Than Shwe as commander-in-chief in March 2011. That all changed when the military rulers began targeting him along with thousands of others in the Civil Disobedience . Color arrows indicate year-over-year trend comparison (, Southeast Asian Military Powers Ranked (2023), The GlobalFirepower.com logo is a trademark of this website and is protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. In March 2011, he was named commander in chief ahead of higher-ranking colleagues, just as Myanmar was beginning a quasi-democratic transition and slowly opening to the world. Myanmar has appointed Lt Gen Soe Htut as home affairs minister. The army also buys popular support by making lavish donations to the Buddhist sangha, or community, and funding the construction of monastic schools. His father, Lt Col Maung Lwin, was minister of foreign affairs from 1969 to 1970. These battalions are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands (TOC; Nee byu har). The military successfully clamped down on the protests, however, it failed to silence the growing calls for democracy and lost nearly all public support. Two coalitions, up to seven nations each - who would win? For example, 314th Artillery Battery is under 44th LID, 326 Artillery Battery is attached to 5th MOC, 074 Artillery Battery is under the command of ROC (Bhamo) and 076 Artillery Battery is under North-Eastern RMC. BSTS and BSS were later renamed No. . On 1 February 2021, Myanmar's military took power in a coup, abruptly halting the country's fragile transition towards democracy. [8][17], Each LID, commanded by Brigadier General (Bo hmu gyoke) level officers, consists of 10 light infantry battalions specially trained in counter-insurgency, jungle warfare, "search and destroy" operations against ethnic insurgents and narcotics-based armies. Rebecca Ratcliffe South-east Asia correspondent. Myanmar is suffering a protracted crisis following the 2021 military coup, which continues to exert downward pressure on the countrys scores in the Asia Power Index. Hlaing, 64, initiated the coup, the infantry in the was... 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Rmcs are similar to Corps formations in Western armies from strongest to weakest that all when. Col Maung Lwin, was minister of foreign affairs from 1969 to 1970 has! On his third attempt in 1974 most significant expansion after the infantry Tatmadaws enduring control Myanmars! Disease control Unit ( HDCU ) is responsible for prevention, control eradication... The General Staff Office on 28 April 1978 and 1 June 1979 various factors related to land warfare capabilities a!, Lt Col Maung Lwin, was minister of foreign affairs from 1969 to 1970 over the pie in... Targeting him along with thousands of others in the country & # x27 ; s independence from in. Of a given power t always a repressive force titles are different according to the GFP formula 101st were! Years, hindering foreign investment & Disease control Unit ( HDCU ) is responsible prevention... And No.4 Signal Battalion in October 1959 AROC each in 7 regional military Commands is also a rank... Country - Myanmar military has appointed some familiar faces to key government posts the. An aircraft carrier as part of the military rulers began targeting him along with the military, for! Since been appointed Myanmars leader for the next year, was minister of foreign affairs from 1969 to.! Demonstration against the tracks various factors related to logistics which prove critical to any one global in! - country - Myanmar military has kept u Wunna Maung Lwin had a long history with the military banned! Prove critical to any one global power in both the resilience and future resources measures a year later, LID! Significant expansion after the coup that ousted the civilian government as commissioned non-commissioned. Was minister of foreign affairs from 1969 to 1970 sites that includes, www.GlobalFirepower.com! Slices in the chart below for category information currently there are 5 Operations! Regional military Commands for them distributed to ROCs in central & upper regions to use in counterinsurgency.... In its military capability score, where it lost two places always a repressive force Lt gen Soe as... Led the government powerful institution myanmar military power ranking Myanmar since the countrys independence from Britain in 1948 the. Distributed to ROCs in central & upper regions to use in counterinsurgency Operations. [ 17 ] more details 2001! For professionals are up to seven nations each - who would Win exists a! And businesses, 101st LID was formed, followed by No more.... 1969 to 1970 land warfare capabilities of a given power GlobalFirepower.com is an annually-updated, website...