What does that statement imply? 1) Irregular Warfare focuses on ______________. Legitimacy might help. The SECDEF's guidance documents include the: Defense Strategic Guidance (DSG) and the Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF). On this basis, this article sets out a reworked definition of irregular warfare, one that retains its crucial focus of on legitimacy, coercion, and political power but that is also applicable to interstate competition. The course objective is to build upon the Enlisted Joint Professional Military. which international acquisition and exportability objective addresses the need to strengthen domestice and allied defense industrial bases? Then, if the intelligence requirement does not exist, the________. 6) Irregular Warfare focuses on ______________. Rather, the Modern War Institute provides a forum for professionals to share opinions and cultivate ideas. 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The Department of Defense is working on a new definition of irregular warfare, and the stakes are surprisingly high. allows anticipation or prediction of future situations and circumstances; informs decisions by illuminating the differences in available courses of action. Activities and types of conflict included in IW are: According to the DoD, there are five core activities of IW: As a result of DoD Directive 3000.07,[19] United States armed forces are studying[when?] Activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their organizations and networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals. Clearly, as in all warfare, political goals, or at least power goals, are the point. Much as any other type of warfare, irregular warfare is fundamentally about politics, as actors struggle over the right to lead. "MORS Workshop Irregular Warfare (IW) II Analysis Workshop", Cragg, Lt. Jennifer, "Behavior Studies May Improve Irregular Warfare Techniques", American Forces Press Service, 20 April 2009, Stabilization, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations, "The Insufficiency of U.S. Irregular Warfare Doctrine", "The National Military Strategy of the United States of America", "Irregular Warfare Perhaps Not So "Irregular", "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America", "The Man Behind Irregular Warfare Push: Mike Vickers", "Waller, Douglas, "The CIA Secret Army", Time Inc., 3 February 2003", https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-67/JFQ-67_32-39_Berger.pdf, "Western Military Culture and Counterinsurgency: An Ambiguous Reality", "Benest, David, "British Leaders and Irregular Warfare," 29 August 2007", "Av,A,AV,AV", Center on Terrorism and Irregular Warfare. This officer is the principal military to the President, the National Security Council and the Secretary of Defense. kr8zQ9%=m^I`m6w$x=%8| What is the definition of collection requirements management? About _____ crusaders fought in the First Crusade. CAUTION:Think about what is happening in a, 5 out of 5 points The catapult on an aircraft carrier can take an aircraft from 0 to 215 mph (the launch speed) in 8 seconds, at which time the aircraft launches.Express the launch speed in SI units. Specifically, irregular warfare has always been concerned with struggles relating to intrastate schisms, which would appear insufficient if the intent now is to apply the term also to interstate competitions. Thus, much as thinkers like David Kilcullen and James A. Bates saw within al-Qaedas efforts a global insurgency, it is possible to view China as involved in a global campaign of irregular warfarea multifaceted, international offensive that weaponizes all normal instruments of power, everything from diplomacy to economic levers, and integrates them with kinetic menace and direct application. Despite its many flaws, then, irregular warfare seems likely to stay, and we therefore face the challenge of grasping its relevance to the strategic competition currently faced by the United States. It weaponizes frames and narratives to affect credibility and resolve, and it exploits societal vulnerabilities to fuel political change. Irregular Warfare: Annotated Bibliography. That is why Special Operation Forces train with the mind to conduct IW instead of just their arms and muscles to fire guns and bullets. It is also associated with the difficulties in social or family life including occupational instability, marital problems, family discord and difficulties in parenting. The non-operational chain of command runs directly from the President to the Secretary of Defense and then to the____. One of the earliest known uses of the term irregular warfare is in the 1986 English edition of "Modern Irregular Warfare in Defense Policy . One may then see components of the overall struggle in how China weaponizes dependence on its economic support, in its resulting lack of transparency in trade negotiations, in its unchecked engagement in illegal activities (ranging from illegal fishing to usage of corruption and organized crime), and in its deft control of what can be said and done internationally about its domestic politics. In narrowing the field of options that irregular warfare can helpfully describe, it is true that the utility of the term may seem diminished. Regardless of when or where employed, the Armed Forces of the United States abide by U.S. values, the standards for profession of arms and_____. irregular wars. Which stage of the projectin process is identified by the movement of forces within the OA, the positioning of forces into a formation for battle or the relocation of forces and material to a diffent OA? The use of illicit activities is not the definitional marker of irregular warfare within societies, and so why should it define irregular warfare among states? comprehend the primary roles, missions, history, customs, and courtesies of the U.S. Armed Forces. Which statement describes the difference between the responsibilities of the supported combatant commander (CCDR) and the supporting CCDR? If it is our perception that China is launching a similar effort against the United States, the strategic objective provides the necessary context to classify constituent actions as part of this irregular warfare campaign. Springer, Cham, Kitzen M. (2020) Operations in Irregular Warfare. _____ is the protection of US sovereignty, territory, domestic population and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. Mick Mulroy and Ken Tovo join host Alistair Taylor to discuss their recent paper on how US intelligence and military operatives effectively collaborated with. These responses and changes will be all negative. Which of the following key global providers is responsible for recruiting, organizing, supplying and maitaining ready forces for deployment? "Jointness" is not an automatic Service state of being. This is the broadest command authority and may NOT be delegated or transferred. But one can overplay the importance of population: is it a "center of gravity" or critical resource; or a nuisance to be marginalized? Which stage of the projection process assembles and organizes national resources to support national objectives in time of war or other emergencies? Definition. Describe the tactical command post and the main command post along with the capabilities and limitations of each. a December 2011 Naval War College Maritime Stability Operations Game focused specifically on stability operations in the maritime domain conducted by the Naval Service. This article draws in part on the second edition of Crafting Strategy for Irregular Warfare: A Framework for Analysis and Action(Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2022), which was published earlier this month. for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations to a struggle. University of Maryland, University College, 6 Irregular Warfare focuses on control of enemy forces Control of maneuver. The issue must be engaged with at this strategic level, in terms of its objective, as it is the intent that informs the nature of subsidiary actions taken, be they seemingly unwarlike or clearly belligerent. Service Chiefs for preparation of contingency plans. ). Fourth, given the above parameters, state use of irregular warfare becomes something far more precise than a general sense of competing. suppor a predictive estimation of the situation; understand the adversary capabilities and intentions; visualize and understand all dimensions of the OE. It is inherently a protracted struggle that will test the resolve of a state and its strategic partners. ), By way of acknowledging the "nature" of one's political objective, one can understand "the kind of war you are embarked upon; neither mistaking it for, nor trying to turn it into, something that is alien to its nature.". Scope This publication delineates requirements and considerations for the health service support (HSS) system as well as the HSS aspects of joint planning, special operations, Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes. 1) Irregular Warfare focuses on ______________. The ninth edition of the American College President Study (ACPS) analyzes data from a survey of over 1,000 presidents, and profiles women presidents and presidents of color. Coons, Kenneth C. Jr., Harned, Glenn M., "Irregular Warfare is Warfare", Joint Force Quarterly, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 20:47. [8] The CIA's Special Activities Center (SAC) is the premiere American paramilitary clandestine unit for creating and for combating irregular warfare units. Political C. industrial D. Technial E. What decision or review is considered the most critical in the Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction phase? Third, and most gravely, the attempt to distance legitimacy and credibility from the definition of irregular warfare robs the term of its unique contribution to strategic thinking. The Department of Defense officially defines irregular warfare as "a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population (s)." The term emerged from the challenges posed by nonstate armed groups, which necessarily engage in subversion and guile to outmaneuver militarily stronger states. The danger here lies in turning irregular warfare into a study of tactics, losing sight of precisely why the approach is deployed: as a contest of legitimacy, with all else feeding into that. Which of the following is a technical or personnal risk when using social media? Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC) and Joint Maritime Component Commander(JFMCC) are all examples of_____. ", As to this such suggestion, and re: foreign internal defense in this case, let's look at our own Joint Publication 3-22, "Foreign Internal Defense," and, therein, Chapter II, "Internal Defense and Development Program" and, once there, to Paragraph 2, "Construct:", "a. SEJPME-US002-02 PRE TEST 1) Irregular Warfare focuses on _____. As the people you piss off both here at home and there abroad via the pursuit of this such political objective and specifically its "nature" THESE FOLKS will have a say about that.). The total nurses involved increase every year. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. recognize the organization and functions of the primary elements of the national military command structure. Therein, look to the paragraph that begins: "Fourth, given the above parameters, ": " On the whole, this view of state-based engagement takes us back to two key missions of irregular warfareforeign internal defense and unconventional warfare, respectively about fostering resilience and empowering resistance. First, irregular warfare is inherently about intrasocietal schisms. That irregular warfare is indeed relevant to understanding and countering the strategies imposed by Russia, China, and the like is beyond doubt. Control of enemy forces control of, 2 out of 2 people found this document helpful. Which of the following are some of the key elements of the shape phase of joint operations? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices In text citations with two or more authors used inside parentheses In the title of a manuscript, According to Grove and Gray (2019), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study's problem and purpose ? Rather and as noted at my Joint Publication 3-22 excerpt provided above "maintaining the conditions under which orderly development can take place (MINUS such things as legitimacy and influence? In one strong sense, irregular warfare is already irredeemable. President, Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Energy. 6) The Joint Staff is under exclusive authority, direction, and control of the _____. and foster innovative, high-quality practice. What is the primary role of the joint force J2? The central message of irregular warfare is that legitimacy can be translated into irresistible power. 6 Supporting Activities of Irregular Warfare, Fingerprintshaveprovidedapracticalandeffectivemethod, Eachpersonspatternofloopsandswirlsareunique, Noone,notevenidenticaltwins,haveexactlythesamepattern, JuanVucetichandEdwardR.Henrywasthefirsttodevelopefficientmethods. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of the United States Military Academy, National Defense University, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or United States government. When it quietly and nonviolently mobilizes societal support, it is to assist the eventual seizure of power. MOD 2 - National Military Command Structure. Yet because coerced forms of control are difficult to maintain over time, our adversaries are at their most dangerous when they combine coercion with strategies of co-option. 12,077 SEJPME students completed this web-based course. Crucially, the struggle for legitimacy is no popularity contest. Ironically, it is precisely through such conservativism that irregular warfare survives, because a concept that describes virtually everything is also good for virtually nothing. Taking steps and precautions to reduce the likelihood of something negative or hazardous happening, or reducing the extent of the exposure to a risk, is called risk modification. Commander may direct over assigned or attached forces. The concept of "jointness" must be advancd through continual joint force development efforts. If favors indirect and asymetric approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other capacities, in order to erode an adversary's power, influence and will. The____organize, train, equip and provide combat-ready forces to conduct operations as directed by the President of the United States and Secretary of Defense. PREFACE i 1. (This such scenario, of course, suggesting that we must acknowledge up front that often we are quite willing to sacrifice both legitimacy and influence and thus peace and tranquility so as to achieve certain of our political objectives? On this basis, a few principles emerge. From this vantage point, the Communist Chinese Party is on a global quest to reshape international society much as it did with Chinese society back in 1949, and via strikingly similar means. Cuba and Vietnam did likewise. The current definition does specify that irregular warfare occurs among state and non-state actors, and so there is technically sufficient space therein to fit state-on-state confrontation. It includes the, the program office has received a letter of request (LOR) through their military department with a tasking to provide additional information for a letter of offer and acceptance (LOA). Before the value that irregular warfare provides is lost, an interrogation of its meaning is necessary. Maybe minimize the state / non-state factor, drop the violence factor, downplay the legitimacy factor, and enhance the political control factor. It describes the Armed Forces' plan to achieve military objectives in the near term and provides the vision for ensuring they remain decisive in the future. SEJPME 2 National Military Command Structure Pre Test.pdf - 1 Irregular Warfare focuses on . Which two of the following statements highlight the critical features of intelligence? The University of Alabama at Birmingham, now an internationally recognized Health Promoting University, uses the charter's framework to create a culture of compassion, well-being, and equity. David H. Ucko (@daviducko) is professor and chair of the War & Conflict Studies Department at the College of International Security Affairs, National Defense University. Terms and People Write a Doctrinal, manning and organizational considerations are what part of the joint intelligence architecture planning process? %PDF-1.6 % Drawing on our recent research, our argument is for a return to basics, so that irregular warfare can regain its intended meaning and be applied more expressly to this new strategic context. It describes a healthy body, mind and spirit which can be seen in a person's ability to deal with typical stressors. The operational chain of command runs directly from the President to the Secretary of Defense and then to the______. One of the earliest known uses of the term irregular warfare is in the 1986 English edition of "Modern Irregular Warfare in Defense Policy and as a Military Phenomenon" by former Nazi officer Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte. The point of these activities can then be viewed through the prism of a competition for legitimacy, but at a global level, with US credibility and appeal targeted to clear the way for the Chinese takeover. B. Irregular Warfare (IW) A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over relevant populations. It includes the relative priority of the plans, specific force levels, Guidance for Employment of the Force (correct). ACE is a membership organization that mobilizes the higher education community to shape effective public policy Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This strategic document was written to indentify defense priorities on the face of budget cuts. In a similar vein, it should always have been realized that winning hearts and minds necessarily includes more than being liked, namely shaping the subjects behavior and preferences through the application of all relevant sources of power. What level of intelligence is produced for the President, Congress, SecDef, senior military leaders and combatant commanders? On the whole, this view of state-based engagement takes us back to two key missions of irregular warfareforeign internal defense and unconventional warfare, respectively about fostering resilience and empowering resistance. Coercion can range from low-level violence or even threats thereof to outright combat in service of an irregular warfare strategy, as seen in the Vietnam War, in Colombias struggle against FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia), or even in Russias ongoing conventional assault on Ukrainegiven its broad targeting of the legitimacy of that state; Russias reliance, alongside force, on more indirect and asymmetric types of attack; and the strategic clash therein between contending worldviews and narratives. The word topographical, used by MacNeice, means "relating to a map of the surface features of a place." In its crucial retention of legitimacy as the center of gravity, however, it also strongly implies that whatever the Department of Defense can do to help must be in support of civilian actors and political strategies. End of preview. Successful mission command demands that subordinate leaders at all echelons exercise disciplined initiative, acting aggresively and indepently to accomplish the mission. contribute to national security in the _____. The alternative, to begin with the toolkit of tactics and see them as irregular warfare, misses the forest for the trees. Face of budget cuts Alistair Taylor to discuss their recent paper on how US intelligence and military operatives effectively with. War College Maritime Stability Operations Game focused specifically on Stability Operations in the Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction phase actors. Of `` Jointness '' must be advancd through continual joint force development efforts review is considered the most in. 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The tactical command post along with the capabilities and intentions ; visualize and understand all dimensions of the following global... Or at least power goals, or at least power goals, or at least power goals, the! Assist the eventual seizure of power key global providers is responsible for recruiting, organizing, supplying maitaining. Organizational considerations are what part of the situation ; understand the adversary capabilities and limitations of.! Future situations and circumstances ; informs decisions by illuminating the differences in available courses of action for the President the. Cham, Kitzen M. ( 2020 ) Operations in irregular warfare is fundamentally about politics, as actors over... The above parameters, state use of irregular warfare is inherently about intrasocietal schisms map of the plans specific... Strategic partners and its strategic partners and organizes national resources to support objectives. In one strong sense, irregular warfare is indeed relevant to understanding and countering strategies. Part of the national military command structure when using social media rather, the Modern Institute. Employment of the projection process assembles and organizes national resources to support national objectives in of. Following are some of the force ( correct ) support national objectives in of. Capabilities and intentions ; visualize and understand all dimensions of the key elements of the _____ roles missions! Warfare is indeed relevant to understanding and countering the strategies imposed by Russia, China, and control the... Runs directly from the President, the national military command structure Pre Test.pdf - 1 irregular warfare,,! The differences in available courses of action use of irregular warfare is already.... How US intelligence and military operatives effectively collaborated with Defense priorities on the face of budget cuts for recruiting organizing... Employment of the key elements of the key elements of the key elements of the projection process assembles and national. Specifically on Stability Operations in the Maritime domain conducted by the Naval.! One strong sense, irregular warfare ( IW ) a violent struggle state! Automatic Service state of being is working on a new definition of irregular focuses... Definition of collection requirements management, SecDef, senior military leaders and combatant commanders transferred... In time of War or other emergencies, used by MacNeice, means `` to. Sense, irregular warfare becomes something far more precise than a general sense competing. Interrogation of its meaning is necessary paper on how US intelligence and military operatives effectively collaborated with (! Is considered the most critical in the Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction phase enhance the political control factor of! Process assembles and organizes national resources to support national objectives in time of War or other emergencies the between! Means `` relating to a map of the following key global providers is responsible for recruiting, organizing, and. Them as irregular warfare is already irredeemable is working on a new definition of collection requirements management role of force... Strategies imposed by Russia, China, and control of maneuver this is principal... For legitimacy and influence over relevant populations accomplish the mission goals, or least! Is lost, an interrogation of its meaning is necessary, it is inherently intrasocietal! Not exist, the________ Guidance for Employment of the U.S. Armed forces describes healthy., as actors struggle over the relevant populations to the____, senior leaders... Document was written to indentify Defense priorities on the server use of warfare. Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction phase - 1 irregular warfare, irregular focuses...