At this stage, when an aura of invincibility surrounded the imposter, Abu Bakr sent forward his best commander. Abu Bakr ordered Usama to rest his men in Medina and re-equip them to fight against the rebels. At Medina Abu Bakr reorganised the army for the battle and attacked the apostates during the night, taking them by surprise.

[12], Being appointed governor of Oman, Hudaifa next set about the re-establishment of law and order.

In March 632, in what Muslim historians later called the first apostasy, or riddah, a Yemeni tribe expelled two of Muhammad’s agents and secured control of Yemen. Ancient History Encyclopedia. The negotiations were a success, and Adi brought with him 500 horsemen of his tribe to reinforce Khalid's army. His main areas of interest in history are the origin and expansion of the Islamic Empire, and the Middle East Crusades. Just as he assumed the office, Abu Bakr sent an expeditionary force for some minor raiding in Ghassanid (Byzantine vassal) territory at the fringes of Syria, in retaliation of an earlier defeat at the Battle of Mu’tah (629 CE). 1, p. 110.Peter Hellyer, Ibrahim Al-Abed, Ibrahim Al Abed, The United Arab Emirates, A New Perspective, London, Trident Press Ltd., 2001, p. 81-84.

[6], Bei den Azd in Oman waren nach dem Tode Mohammeds die zwei Brüder aus der Dschulandā-Familie, Dschaifar und ʿAbd, die ein Bündnis mit Medina geschlossen hatten, durch ihren früheren Rivalen Laqīt ibn Mālik al-ʿĀtiqī verdrängt worden. Erst der Sieg der Muslime in den Ridda-Kriegen und die endgültige Unterwerfung der an der Ridda-Bewegung beteiligten Stämme schuf die Voraussetzung für die Expansion des islamischen Staates über die Arabische Halbinsel hinaus. Usama raided far and wide in the region of Northern Arabia, starting with the Quza'a, and then made his way to Dawmatu l-Jandal (modern Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia). After the Azaan, ask the tribe to confirm its submission, including the payment of zakat. [8] When Khalid reached Najd he found no opposing army. Afterwards he moved to Najd against the rebel tribe of Banu Tamim and their Sheikh Malik ibn Nuwayrah. After much fighting, the imposter's army was cut down to merely a quarter of its original strength, and when Musaylimah fell in the field, the remainder of his forces were immediately routed, and Khalid took control over the city.

License. You killed a Muslim man and then rape his wife. [5] These concentrations consisted of the tribes of Banu Ghatafan, the Hawazin, and the Tayy. The Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE) was responsible for... Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE) was the second caliph of the... Map detailing the route of the conquest of central Arabia by Khalid... Last rebels from the Hadhramaut region are subjugated in the, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. He wrote the details of his actions to Abu Bakr, who, both pained and angered by the rashness of Ikrimah and his disobedience, ordered him to proceed with his force to Oman to assist Hudaifa; once Hudaifa had completed his task, to march to Mahra to help Arfaja, and thereafter go to Yemen to help Muhajir. 3000 Muslims were to join it. As Arfaja had not yet arrived, Ikrimah, instead of waiting for him, tackled the local rebels on his own. There was apostasy in the region south and east of Mecca and by the Quza'a in northern Arabia. Here he persuaded the weaker to embrace Islam and then joined up with them to defeat their opponents. Ancient History Encyclopedia. You killed a Muslim man and then rape his wife.

Various individuals, each backed by their tribal members, started declaring prophethood, even though Muhammad had clearly declared the finality of his mission and had even predicted the rise of such imposters.

In addition to this Abu Bakr assembled a fresh army of Ansar and Muhajireen in Medina that joined Khalid's corps at Butah. The apostates recaptured the outposts that they lost a few days earlier.
Although the Arabs of the wealthy Hejaz region offered their complete support, Abu Bakr failed to extend his authority over the various Bedouin tribes that inhabited the peninsula. Some time in October 632, Amr's corps were dispatched to Syrian border to subdue the apostates tribes, most importantly the tribes of Quza'a and the Wadi'a (a section of Bani Kalb), in the region around Tabuk and Daumat-ul-Jandal (Al-Jawf).

https://www.ancient.eu/Ridda_Wars/.
By Allâh, I will stone you". One after the other, rebellious tribes were subdued, either via the use of arms or diplomacy, which had always been Abu Bakr’s strong point, and within a year, the threat had been minimized. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Khalid ibn al-Walid (d. 642 CE) was a loyal subordinate to Abu Bakr and instrumental in securing his dominion over the rogue tribes of the peninsula where he often employed harsh measures to coerce subjugation, for which he was later criticized.

Reinforcements were on the way. The death of Malik and Khalid's taking of his wife Layla created a controversy.

According to some reports, he also claimed prophethood. The Ridda wars (Arabic: حروب الردة), also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633 AD, just after Muhammad died.

Im September 632 zog er mit einer kleinen Armee aus Muhādschirūn und Ansār zu dem Ort Dhū l-Qassa und sandte Boten zu einigen loyalen Stämmen, um sie um Unterstützung zu bitten. This was used to fight the most powerful of the rebel forces. [16] Meanwhile in the second week of August 632 Abu Bakr with his army moved to Zhu Qissa. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Turaifa bin Hajiz: The apostate tribes of Hawazin and Bani Sulaim in the area east of Medina and Mecca.

The wars were fought between the orthodox Catholic and Muslim populations of former Yugoslavia. The last of the great revolts of the apostasy was that of the powerful tribe of Kinda, which inhabited the region of Najran, Hadhramaut, and eastern Yemen. On 4 August 632, Usama's army arrived in Medina. Abu Bakr's plan was first to clear the area of west central Arabia (the area nearest to Medina), then tackle Malik bin Nuwaira, and finally concentrate against the most dangerous and powerful enemy: the self-proclaimed prophet Musaylima. In vielen Fällen äußerte sich die Ridda darin, dass Stämme die Zahlung der Almosensteuer Zakāt verweigerten.

Nachdem sie Chāridscha in die Flucht geschlagen hatten, trafen Abteilungen von den Stämmen Aslam, Ghifār, Muzaina, Aschdschaʿ, Dschuhaina und Kaʿb in Dhū l-Qassa ein.

After the pressure exerted by Umar—Khalid's cousin and one of Caliph Abu Bakr's main advisors—Abu Bakr called Khalid back to Madina to explain himself.

Khalid bin Saeed: Certain apostate tribes on the Syrian frontier.

[5], When word arrived that the Prophet Mohammad had died, the people of the Yemen again revolted, this time under the leadership of a man named Qais bin Abd Yaghus. Sie beriefen sich darauf, dass ihre Treuepflicht alleine Mohammed, nicht aber seinem Nachfolger Abū Bakr gelte, was nach den Stammesgesetzen üblich war. The Ridda wars which was led by the first Caliph Abu Bakr Siddiq against the rebels in Arabia is often misquoted, and not presented in their true historical context. A standard was given to each corps.

Al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī, der Stammesführer, der sich im Jemen etablierte, aber noch vor Mohammeds Tod beseitigt wurde, predigte wie dieser im Namen Allāhs und praktizierte Formen von Zauberei.

The peoples surrounding Mecca did not revolt. With the subjugation of the last rebels at Hadhramaut (Southern Arabia) in March 633 CE, the Caliph could sigh in relief as he had succeeded in uniting Arabia under the banner of Islam. Before the various corps left Zhu Qissa, however, envoys were sent by Abu Bakr to all apostate tribes in a final attempt to induce them to submit. The apostates retreated from Dhu Hussa to Dhu Qissa.


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