The power to make and manage federal law was to be divided between the. For at least 50 000 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have lived on these lands and practiced traditional cultures and languages. (Switzerland had held a referendum to approve changes to its constitution in 1874). The House of Representatives was to be elected based on population, with members representing. The lavish ceremony took place in the Exhibition Building, Melbourne, and was attended by over 12 000 guests. Australian dollar (AUD) is its official currency. Facts about Australian Federation 4: Fiji and New Zealand Queensland, fearing federation might mean the loss of its Pacific Islander labour force, decided not to take part. In the late 19th century many people did not support immigration from non-British countries. One of the most significant changes made to the draft constitution related to the Senate. Three weeks after the Australian Constitution became law in Britain, a referendum was finally held in Western Australia. It has no land bordering countries. Queensland and Western Australia did not hold referendums. All 4 colonies agreed to the proposed constitution. Parkes knew popular support was not enough, so he lobbied his fellow premiers to back federation. The newly elected Parliament could then vote on the issue. Among these was the decision to establish the Australian national capital within New South Wales at least 100 miles (160.9 km) from Sydney. This page was last modified on 21 October 2020, at 21:17. It was attended by delegates from each of the colonies and the New Zealand Parliament. The second National Australasian Convention met 3 times during 1897 and 1898 in Adelaide, Sydney and Melbourne, and used the 1891 draft constitution as a starting point for discussions. While tariffs provided the colonial governments with much revenue, they restricted trade and movement between the colonies. By the late 1800s, these colonies had their own parliaments but were still subject to the law-making power of the British Parliament. The federal Parliament would have responsibility for areas which affected the whole nation, such as trade, defence, immigration, postal and telegraphic services, marriage and divorce. Facts about Australian Federation talk about the system of federalism in Australia. 'Braddon's Blot', as it was called by its critics, was designed to reassure smaller states who were worried they would be worse-off under federation. By the 1880s the inefficiency of this system, a growing unity among colonists and a belief that a national government was needed to deal with issues such as trade, defence and immigration saw popular support for federation grow. -Henry parks was a politician and was and still is remembered as the father of federation. New South Wales Premier George Reid publicly criticised the proposed constitution but said he would vote for it in the referendum, earning him the nickname 'Yes-No Reid'. Prior to federation, the colonies were ill-equipped to defend themselves. -His speech was about the idea of federation in Australia. Queensland and Western Australia—concerned federation would give New South Wales and Victoria an advantage over the less-powerful states—did not hold referendums. Trade restrictions also made travelling between colonies difficult; the train journey between Melbourne and Sydney was delayed at the border in Albury while customs officials searched passengers' luggage. Eighty-seven of the 111 newly elected parliamentarians had been members of colonial parliaments, including 14 who had been colonial premiers. In March a delegation travels to London to present the constitution to the British Parliament. In Melbourne the opening of Parliament was marked by 2 weeks of celebrations. An overwhelming majority of voters agreed to federate, with double the number of 'yes' votes than 'no' votes. The Senate then met at 1.10pm in the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives met at 2.30pm in the Legislative Assembly for the first session of federal Parliament. After reading these facts and figures about Australia, it can be seen that with cold Julys, rare native creatures and an abundant amount of eucalyptus, Australia is a truly unique country. This process is known as federation. Members of the Australasian Federation Convention, 1890. The Brisbane Courier welcomed the result and urged all Queenslanders to now unite under 'The Coming Commonwealth': Australia is born: The Australian nation is a fact … Now is accomplished the dream of a continent for a people and a people for a continent. A sign reads 'Polling Booth Brisbane North'. Several had also participated in the drafting of the Constitution and were active in the push for federation—10 had been at the 1891 National Australasian Convention and 25 attended the second National Australasian Convention. Tariffs increased the cost of goods and made it hard for manufacturers based outside a colony to compete with local producers. The movement of federation was very serious in the end of 1880s. Bravo, boys! Six men (including Edmund Barton, fourth from left in the top hat) are seated on chairs. The establishment of Australian federation also influenced other countries in the world such as Canada, United States, Switzerland and Argentina. Because the Senate and House of Representatives would have almost the same law-making powers, the delegates realised a way to break deadlocks between the 2 houses was needed. They decided disagreements could be resolved by dissolving—closing—both houses of Parliament and calling an election. In the South West of the country (where Perth is located) Western Australian Premier John Forrest looks on while putting a piece of gold in his pocket. Queensland had waited to see whether New South Wales would federate before it held its referendum. The formation of the Australian federation only gained a little support in the mid 19th century. Finally, in March 1896, elections for convention delegates were held in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. Faced with an economic depression, the parliaments lost enthusiasm for federation. Printed at the bottom is: 'Combine Aust! Between April and July 1899 referendums were again held in Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Tasmania. Across Australia people celebrated with parades, processions, school pageants, firework displays, sporting events, 'conversaziones'—discussion evenings—and special dinners.

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