The personality types are as follows: Cameron believed that a society in which psychiatry built and developed the institutions of government, schools, prisons and hospitals would be one in which science triumphed over the "sick" members of society. He furthered his diagnostic definitions of clinical states such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. I'm sure part of him very much wanted to be the person who cures mental illness. Typically, I would show up there and, if it was a Friday, ask if I could have a lift down to Lake Placid. Ben: So its fitting that, today, most of what people hear about the CIAs search for mind control also seems to come from fantasy and popular fiction. Known as an effective businesswoman, she set up the furniture company Oka, where she serves as chief executive. John Marks: There must have been clinical documents. Ben: The manual was all about how to obtain information from quote resistant sources. It went on to become the basis for the Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War. Rauh: A question that Mr. Turner wanted me to ask was what happened to the papers identifying the patients? I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. Duncan: Yes. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. Duncan: It's really a very moving editorial. His father John was permanently exiled after the 1715 Rising and when his grandfather Sir Ewen Cameron died in 1719, Donald assumed his duties as Lochiel of the Camerons. Not only was Ewen Cameron running the Allan Memorial, but he was leading psychiatric organizations, he was teaching at McGill University, and he was still seeing private patients. The Panama Papers reveal that in one development, his investment partners include two British Virgin Islands companies, which were backed by private equity money. Amory: But, Camerons extreme measures didnt result in a Nobel Prize or any mental health breakthroughs, which is why Harvey finds a certain poetry in his untimely death. In this manner, somatic causes could be compared. Inherited 1m Cameron family home in Kensington, split equally with Tania. [citation needed][21]. Amory: Marians mom died three ago. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. He moved to Upstate New York where he studied aging and memory at two hospitals in Albany. [10] There he met A. T. Mathers, Manitoba's principal psychiatrist, who convinced Cameron in 1929 to move to Brandon, the second largest city of Manitoba, Canada. [33] The son of one of Cameron's patients noted in a memoir that other than Ed Broadbent and Svend Robinson, no Canadian MP brought up the issue in the House of Parliament. Ewen Donald Cameron. In 2001, the couple took out a 350,000 mortgage on their house in Dean, Oxfordshire, with the interest covered by the taxpayer. Amory: Theres a reason that all the photos of Ewen Cameron are from more than 50 years ago. Their diagnosis was amnesia and hysteria, per a short commentary in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He theorized that attitudes and beliefs should reinforce the overall attitudes of the desired society. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association (19521953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (19581959),[2] American Psychopathological Association (1963),[3] Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965)[4] and the World Psychiatric Association (19611966). Ben: Over and over, weve heard from victims of Dr. Ewen Camerons brutal experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute. After being sold again in 2009, Smythson is now owned through a holding company in Luxembourg. Amory: Duncan, one of the two lawyer sons, admits hes familiar with those 12 boxes of papers, and then explains what happened to them. Kinzer: This idea of some evil scientists taking control of someone else's mind is a wonderfully appealing trope, and it's been used repeatedly in very popular movies and books and stories. Please join meon Wednesday, April, The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Join Robert F Kennedy Jr. April 19 in Boston, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebb's sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatry's instruments of torture. Ben: But Duncan is still, in some ways, trying to defend his dads honor. . There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. There must have been names of patients. That would have been the cultural environment in which people like Sidney Gottlieb grew up. Genealogy for Jennie Burnham Cameron (Burnham) (1906 - 1993) family tree on Geni, with over 240 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Which suggests it was for purposes of, not closure, but of not wanting information to come to light that was in the papers. From 1939 to 1943 he was professor of neurology and psychiatry at Albany Medical College, and at the Russell Sage School of Nursing, also in the Albany area. Kinzer: Later on, it became the basis for manuals that the CIA provided in the 1980s to police forces in Latin America that were known to practice torture. How the CIA's MK-ULTRA mind-control experiments laid the groundwork for torture methods used today, CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. All. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. Josh Crane Twitter Producer, Podcasts & New ProgramsJosh is a producer for podcasts and new programs at WBUR. [5], Cameron was involved in administering electroconvulsive therapy and experimental drugs, including poisons such as curare and hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, to patients and prisoners without their knowledge or informed consent. And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. Canada. Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. With funding from the CIA, the late Dr. D. Ewen Cameron did a series of mind-control experiments on 53 people, including Harvey Weinstein's father, Louis, a prosperous Montreal businessman. This article was amended on 7 April 2016 to correct a reference to the inheritance tax threshold relating to Ian Camerons will. In a statement to CBC News, the MUHC said Cameronacted independently and was not considered by law to be an employee of the Royal Victoria Hospital. Ben: But do you even though you had nothing to do with it do you have any feelings of sadness about those folks and what they've gone through? He is reported to have received 2m after Panmure Gordon was sold to a US bank during the period of deregulation in the early 1980s. Smythson was acquired in April 2005 by a consortium of City grandees, including members of the Fleming banking family. Heads up that some elements (i.e. Cameron stated, "Get it understood how dangerous these damaged, sick personalities are to ourselves and above all, to our children, whose traits are taking form and we shall find ways to put an end to them." He received an M.B., Ch.B. And the funeral was yet another opportunity for Marian and her siblings to learn more about the mother who had been absent for so much of their childhoods. Scottish-American psychiatrist who developed torture methods, Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. Ewen Cameron was fulfilling one of the items on his life bucket list: to climb Street Mountain. In other words, torture. Memorials. I'm the oldest son of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron and Jean Cameron. When search suggestions are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Because his dad isnt around to do it himself. Amory: This is information that may have proven invaluable in holding Cameron, as well as McGill, the CIA, and the Canadian Government accountable for what happened at the Allan. When asked about the decision to involve Cameron in MK-ULTRA, John Gittinger, the CIA officer in charge of monitoring his work said, quote, Now that was a foolish mistake. For instance, he was careful to say he didnt know anything about his dads treatment regimen at the Allan, which may very well be true. For Cameron, the traits were contagions and anyone affected by the societal, cultural or personality forms would themselves be infected. And that seemed to us to be a highly questionable action for someone to take. Marian Read: So for me, the importance of all of this is to get it out of the shadows of pulp fiction, you know Amory: This is Marian Read. And we would take off. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBI's capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Its not a very popular mountain to climb, its steep. Amory: Duncan has a very different picture of his father, a whole bunch of them actually. John Marks observes, Ewen Cameron did not need the CIA to corrupt him. He published a book called Remembering[18] and extended psychiatric links to human biology. If I put you through this program, within 24 hours to 48 hours you'll be in a diagnosable psychotic state. 1553: Donald Dubh MacDonald MacEwen Cameron (Donald Dow M'Connel M'Ewen) becomes XV Chief. . He married Catherine McPhee on 6 March 1828. husband. There must have been records of experiments. In 1936, he moved to Massachusetts to become director of the research division at Worcester State Hospital only 1 year later. Rauh: So any documents that would show the treatment of the plaintiffs in this case were destroyed? [citation needed]. ], and great-grandfather of John Cameron (1771-1815) [qv.]. Marian: It's become so embedded in our narrative, in our pop culture, without people really understanding that it happened It was real. Inherited 1m Cameron family home in Kensington, split equally with her sister, Clare. Cameron's work was funded under MKUltra's subproject 68. Here, patients were exposed to a range of RF and electromagnetic signals and monitored for changes in behaviour. She went from apartment to apartment, mental hospital to mental hospital. Despite the horrific abuse, the American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks. In 1933, he married Jean C. Rankine, whom he had met while they were students at the University of Glasgow. Amory: This is a hard reality for the family that Ewen Cameron left behind. He came up with the idea that if he presented the world and confronted the Germans with the atrocities committed during the war, the world and the Germans would refrain from repeated acts of extreme aggression. Cameron began his training in psychiatry at the Glasgow Royal Mental Hospital in 1925. Thank you! In 1926, he served as assistant medical officer there[9] and was introduced to psychiatrist Sir David Henderson, a student of Swiss-born US psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. Berryblue Enterprises Limited and Gaucin International Holdings Limited put money into Astors schemes in 2010. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. And you see this actual physical manual on how to break down the human mind. Birthdate: June 04, 1906. Steel is one of the main plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the Canadian government, the Royal Victoria Hospital and the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC). Panama Papers reporting team: Juliette Garside, Luke Harding, Holly Watt, David Pegg, Helena Bengtsson, Simon Bowers, Owen Gibson and Nick Hopkins. [8] Ontario. 1546: Ewen Beag Cameron (Ewen M'Conill M'Ewen) becomes XIV Chief. Jeremy Corbyn mocks David Cameron over tax revelations, Panama Papers investigation wins Pulitzer prize, Fund run by David Camerons father avoided paying tax in Britain, Mossack Fonseca: Panama Papers law firm bosses refused bail, Panama Papers: Mossack Fonseca founders arrested over bribery scandal, Revealed: Coutts managed tax haven firms for controversial clients, David Cameron admits he profited from father's Panama offshore trust, Mossack Fonseca fined $440,000 in British Virgin Islands, Cameron faces questions over 200,000 gift from mother, Taxhavens helped get likes of Donald Trump elected, experts say, David Cameron admits he profited from fathers offshore fund, Banks told to declare links to Mossack Fonseca by next week, All the Guardians Panama Papers revelations so far, neither he nor his family will benefit from any offshore funds now or in the future, Blairmore Holdings Inc in 1982, the fund now at the centre of the Panama Papers controversy, Cameron admits he had a stake in his fathers offshore trust video, Smythson was acquired in April 2005 by a consortium of City grandees. Known as Donald, David Cameron's grandfather was a City figure who became a director at the stockbroking house Panmure Gordon. She was a former captain of the Scottish field hockey team, a competitive tennis player,[11] and lecturer in mathematics at the University of Glasgow. Ben: When Amory and I spoke to Duncan Cameron about his dad, he also told us about his own work, as a lawyer. Ben: Sure, but I mean, in terms of trying to help cure people of mental illness or anything like that, not necessarily his process, but his end goal. Then we brought them down I think it was probably during one of my infrequent jaunts up there I brought them down in my car, and I then took them over and deposited them at the American Psychiatric Association. The only cure for mental illness, he theorized, was to eliminate its "carriers" from society altogether. Her family sued, first based on the treatment alone, then again, after discovering she was a part of the MKUltra program. In Cameron, the CIA had a psychiatrist, conveniently outside the United States, who was willing to do terminal experiments in electroshock, sensory deprivation, drug testing, and all of the above combined. Ex-husband of Enid Agnes Maud Watson. [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. And in a sense, that's what he wanted to do professionally. "[35] She then cites Alfred W. McCoy: "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method. Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. Joseph Rauh (from the transcript): But as far as you know now, neither you nor your brother or sister or mother have *any* papers left that are not sort of public documents? I think he wanted to be famous. David Cameron and his wife Samantha on holiday in Lanzarote. Today, we're talking to one of the only people who will stand up for Dr. Cameron. . Amory: Jim Turner was one of two prosecutors on the case. Alison Steel says her mother was never the same after undergoing brainwashing experiments at Montreal's Allan Memorial Institute. His theories of behavior stressed the unity of the organism with the environment; the book also outlined experimental method and research design. Cameron became the first director of the Allan Memorial Institute as well as the first chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at McGill. Other similar psychiatric diagnoses of Germany were published during this time. He recruited psychoanalysts, social psychiatrists and biologists globally to develop the psychiatry program at McGill[12] From its beginning in 1943, the Allan Memorial Institute was run on an "open door" basis, allowing patients to leave if they wished, as opposed to the "closed door" policy of other hospitals in Canada in the early 1940s. Sign up and be the first to find out the latest news and articles about what's going on in the medical field. (McCoy, 2007), According to Leonard Rubenstein, an attorney for plaintiffs [Mrs. David Orlikow et al. The defendants had moved to partially dismiss the case, but Quebec Superior Court dismissed the defence's request on Feb. 23. He died in 1549, in Elgin, Morayshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, at the age of 71, and was buried in Scotland. Heres part of Duncans transcript: Duncan (from the transcript): I recall contacting the American Psychiatric Association and asking them if they would have an interest in holding his papers in their archives, and they expressed an interest in doing it. . And I recall going through them and *taking out* several papers that appeared to me to be identified or could be identified as dealing with a particular patient. This is Part 5. Camerons current register of interests also includes the familys Edwardian terrace house in North Kensington. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. Ben: Sure. Viscountess Astor has two daughters from her first marriage to Sir Reginald Sheffield, including Samantha Cameron. All Germans on trial would be assessed according to the likeliness for committing the crime. There's Edgar Allan Poe stories and Sherlock Holmes stories. Duncan: I'm Duncan Cameron. Donald Cameron (bishop), better known by her family name Ewen Donald Cameron, is a popular Australian assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Sydney. Ben: Camerons research could never happen today at least not lawfully. It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. And he was searching for ways of doing something about them. And here he is with me many years ago. Oka was reported to be worth an estimated 30m in 2006. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Maybe the people responsible are waiting for all of us to forget. His death occurred while climbing a mountain. He clearly had his mind set on doing unorthodox research long before the Agency front started to fund him. With a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, money from John Wilson McConnell of the Montreal Star, and a gift of Sir Hugh Allan's mansion on Mount Royal, the Allan Memorial Institute for psychiatry was founded. And in that he took some risks, obviously. In the late 1940s, Cameron presented his ideas in a lecture entitled Dangerous Men and Women. He warned that government institutions should take measures against such potential liabilities. The mentally ill were thus labelled as not only sick, but also weak. Her life was sad. Cameron began to develop broader theories of society, new concepts of human relations to replace concepts he deemed dangerous and outdated. Tell us about your reaction to this episode or send us a story idea. Advertisement. And in that sense, I think his ambition overrode his skills and his ability to do the research. Amory: But even on their long drives from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan says his dad never really talked about work. Ben: Her dad couldnt afford childcare, so soon after Marians mother went into the Allan, social services took Marian and her two younger brothers away because there was no parent to take care of them. And, until theres true accountability for what happened and what is still happening, it never will be. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. Ben: The study also said that these treatments, the de-patterning and psychic driving programs including LSD injections, induced comas, sensory deprivation and electroshock had a detrimental impact on patients memories, which, in retrospect, might have been part of the point. [15], Before his arrival in Nuremberg, Cameron had written The Social Reorganization of Germany, in which he argued that German culture and its individual citizens would have to be transformed and reorganized. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. His focus on children included the rights to protection against outmoded, doctrinaire tactics, and the necessity for the implantation of taboos and inhibitions from their parents. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' Photo by Christinne Muschi . "[H]e was born in. What started as short-term depression before the Allan, morphed into chronic depression, as well as diagnosed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder afterwards. Amory: With the information we do have about Cameron, we know this: his so-called treatment didnt cure mental illness, and it didnt control peoples minds. Our username is. And you can see this manual that's been found all around the world, from hellholes to modern democracies. He is famed in history as The Gentle Lochiel. Like in Nicaragua, where he was The New York Times Bureau Chief. The psychiatric community could have questioned his methods, but they remained silent. He died three years later. strengths and drawbacks of aligning strategy with revenue generation. A Canadian government dismissed the CIAs role as a side issue or red herring; Ottawas Justice Department denied legal responsibility, offering each victim a nugatory $20,000 nuisance payment. Though he does seem to imply that it was done by him or someone in the family. They had four children; a daughter and three sons. So we dont have access to Cameron's thoughts on his own legacy. Last year, Channel 4 News reported that some of his assets had been left in the tax haven of Jersey. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. Ian Cameron followed in the footsteps of his father to also become a director at Panmure Gordon, in 1957. So we don't have. Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. To Submit Content. This must be very difficult, very complicated for them. [31][2] In her book, In the Sleep Room: The Story of the CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada,[32] author Anne Collins explored the history of Cameron and Montreal's Allan Memorial Institute. [citation needed]; if the greater population of Germany saw the atrocities of World War II, they would surely submit to a re-organized system of justice. His publicly available will declared an inheritance of 2.74m; any offshore investments would only have been declared privately to HMRC. In his analysis, German culture was made up of people who had the need for status, worshipped strict order and regimentation, desired authoritarian leadership and had a deeply ingrained fear of other countries. And he put Camerons treatment program under the microscope. Here in the hospital Cameron could observe how the psychiatric patient resembled patients with other diseases that were not psychiatric in nature. Cameron believed firmly in clinical psychiatry and a strict scientific method. But we do have his son, Duncan Cameron. But what of the past? Region. That's how quick it is because it removes your time and space. Cleghorn immediately ended Camerons program. There's my father and my mother. Some of this work took place in the context of the Project MKUltra program for the developing of mind control and torture techniques, psychoactive poisons, and behavior modification systems. Particularly because we put that question to him today. Amory: And I think you may have given a deposition for that. Part of Camerons plan for his patients was to wipe their minds clean, to make them forget their past, so they could move forward. She never did get her children back. view all Jennie Burnham Cameron's Timeline. If he had a choice he would have kept living forever. Ben: Did he have any favorite sayings or idiosyncrasies or things like that that you remember or that made an impression on you when you were younger?