A student group won the right to use the lounge after a campus shutdown over proposed tuition increases. Assata Olugbala Shakur is a former member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA), who was convicted of being an accomplice in the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster. Assata Shakur: from civil rights activist to FBI's most-wanted A leading figure in the 70s Black Liberation Army, Shakur was given life for murder in 1977. "2d Jury Here Begins Weighing Chesimard Bank-Robbery Case". Beginning in 1971, Shakur was allegedly involved in several incidents of assault and robbery, in which she was charged or identified as wanted for questioning, including attacks on New York City police and bank robberies in the area. It really had nothing to do with me. A fugitive convicted killer has become the first woman to be put on the FBI's list of "Most Wanted Terrorists". She's an activist, member of the Black Liberation Army, and escaped convicted murderer with a $2 million bounty currently on her head. "Squires Jurors Hear Chase Tape". [240], In 2015, New Jersey's Kean University dropped hip-hop artist Common as a commencement speaker because of police complaints. "[12], On May 2, 1973, at about 12:45a.m.,[58] Assata Shakur, along with Zayd Malik Shakur (born James F. Costan) and Sundiata Acoli (born Clark Squire), were stopped on the New Jersey Turnpike in East Brunswick for driving with a broken tail light by State Trooper James Harper, backed up by Trooper Werner Foerster in a second patrol vehicle. Revolution, the Black Liberation Army, escape from prison and seeking political refuge in Cuba- Assata Shakur writes about her life. Waggoner, Walter H. (March 17, 1977). According to police, Shakur knocked on the door of a guest's room, asked "Is there a party going on here? What happens to Assata Shakur now? Following her parents' divorce in 1950, she moved with her mother and maternal grandparents to Wilmington, North Carolina. After a bomb threat was made against Judge Appleby, Sheriff Joseph DeMarino lied to the press about the exact date of her transfer to Clinton Correctional Facility for Women; He later claimed the threat to be the cause of his falsification. The Reemergence of Class in Critical Race Theory Symposium: Essay: Accumulation". [171] She was also transferred from the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women to a special area staffed by women guards at the Garden State Youth Correctional Facility, where she was the only female inmate,[172] for "security reasons". Smothers, Ronald (October 24, 1973), "Chesimard Case Gets A Jury Shift". Johnston, Richard H. (February 13, 1974). Kaufman, Michael T. (January 30, 1973). [149] The reports then state that after Acoli complied, and as Harper was looking inside the vehicle to examine the registration, Trooper Foerster yelled and held up an ammunition magazine as Shakur simultaneously reached into her red pocketbook, pulled out a 9mm handgun and fired at him. Assata Shakur. [122] Andrew Jackson and two others indicted for the same robbery pleaded guilty; Jackson was sentenced to five years in prison and five years' probation; another was shot and killed in a gunfight in Florida on December 31, 1971, and the last remained at large at the time of Shakur's acquittal. Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, the attempted murder of two Queens police officers stemming from a January 23, 1973, failed ambush, and eight other felonies related to the Turnpike shootout. The New York Amsterdam News section is an ad in support of Assata Shakur. [156] McGovern later sued Kunstler for defamation;[157] Kunstler eventually publicly apologized to McGovern and paid him a small settlement. ". Williams often took the girl to museums, theaters, and art galleries.[11]. "No Checking Was Done On Chesimard 'Visitors'; Identification Required of Visitors Security Review Ordered". The film premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival and starred Assata Shakur herself. This page was last edited on 27 March 2023, at 12:25. "[116], Shakur was indicted on May 30, 1974, on the charge of having robbed a Brooklyn bar and kidnapping bartender James E. Freeman for ransom. Also involved in the shootout were New Jersey State Troopers Werner Foerster and James Harper and BLA members Sundiata Acoli and Zayd Malik Shakur. Submitted by Juan Conatz on October 8, 2012. An activist in black radical groups such as the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army, Shakur was convicted of murdering a New Jersey state trooper in 1977, but supporters helped her escape prison and take refuge in Cuba. There were people [in the BLA] who absolutely took the position that it was just time to resist, and if black people didn't start to fight back against police brutality and didn't start to wage armed resistance, we would be annihilated. [196] In particular, one pre-dawn April 20, 1980, raid on 92Morningside Avenue, during which FBI agents armed with shotguns and machine guns broke down doors and searched through the building for several hours while preventing residents from leaving, was seen by residents as having "racist overtones". [128] Based on New Jersey law, if Shakur's presence at the scene could be considered as "aiding and abetting" the murder of Foerster, she could be convicted even if she had not fired the bullets which had killed him. She escaped from prison in 1979 and is currently wanted by the FBI, with a $1 million reward for her apprehension. [144] According to Kunstler's autobiography, the sizable contingent of New Jersey State Troopers guarding the courthouse were under strict orders from their commander, Col. Clinton Pagano, to completely shun Shakur's defense attorneys. [236] Rutgers University professor H. Bruce Franklin, who excerpts Shakur's book in a class on 'Crime and Punishment in American Literature,' describes her as a "revolutionary fighter against imperialism". Black Liberation Army Member, Assata Shakur, Tried on Murder and Assault Charges New Jersey v. Chesimard, 555 F.2d 63 (3d Cir. [237], Black NJ State Trooper Anthony Reed (who has left the force) sued the police force because, among other things, persons had hung posters of Shakur, altered to include Reed's badge number, in a Newark barracks. Assata Olugbala Shakur is a political activist, author, fugitive and aunt of hip-hop artist, Tupac Shakur. In 2005, SUNY Press released The New Abolitionists (Neo)Slave Narratives and Contemporary Prison Writings, edited and with an added introduction by Joy James, in which Shakur's Women in Prison: How We Are 1978 is featured. Did you shoot or assault Trooper James Harper? Director and Others to Testify on Program Aimed at Harassing Activists". . The name of Assata Shakur, a woman convicted in the 1973 killing of a New Jersey state trooper, has been used by Black Lives Matter to illustrate what the group called Cuba's "solidarity with. [149], Shakur testified that Trooper Harper shot her after she raised her arms to comply with his demand. Chesimard's fantasy world, complete with fabricated moniker "Assata Shakur," left a trail of death and mayhem which . Assata Shakur was born JoAnne Bryon. [66] According to the testimony of State Police investigators, two jammed semi-automatic pistols were discovered near Foerster's body. [232] As of April 7, 2010, the presiding judge has ruled that the issues of students' free speech and administrators' immunity from suit "deserve a trial". [81][82] Seven other BLA members were indicted by District Attorney Eugene Gold in connection with the series of holdups and shootings on the same day,[84] whoaccording to Goldrepresented the "top echelon" of the BLA as determined by a year-long investigation. See Kirsta, Alix (May 29, 1999), "A black and white case Investigation Joanne Chesimard". "Mrs. Chesimard Bids U.S. Court Bar Trial Sessions on Her Sabbath". Sex: Female Race: Black Citizenship: American Scars . She has been on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorist list since 2013 as Joanne Deborah Chesimard and was the first woman to be added to this list. The reward for her capture and return was also doubled to $2 million. [99] Although both White and Rivers testified that Shakur was wearing overalls during the robbery, the person identified as Shakur in the photograph was wearing a jacket. [57], Years later when she was living in Cuba, Shakur was asked about the BLA's alleged involvement in the killings of police officers. While forensic evidence backed up her account, Assata Shakur was sentenced to life plus 33 years in prison for the murder of a police officer, a crime she didn't commit. [159] Prosecutor Barone questioned whether Davidson was qualified to make such a judgment 39months after the injury; Barone proceeded to suggest (while a female Sheriff's attendant acted out his suggestion) that Shakur was struck in the right arm and collar bone and "then spun around by the impact of the bullet so an immediate second shot entered the fleshy part of her upper left arm" to which Davidson replied "Impossible. [95] The new jury selection was marked by attempts by Williams to be relieved of her duties, owing to disagreements with Shakur as well as with Hilton's attorney. Dos aos despus de ser condenada, Assata Shakur escap de la crcel y obtuvo asilo poltico en Cuba, donde vive en la actualidad. [138] The jury also asked Appleby to repeat the definitions of "intent" and "reasonable doubt". Kaufman, Michael T. (February 17, 1972). "Mrs. Chesimard, in Summation, Terms Holdup Case Contrived". [15] In April 1967, she married Louis Chesimard, a fellow student-activist at CCNY. [87] Shakur's aunt and lawyer, Evelyn Williams, was cited for contempt after walking out of the courtroom after many of her attempted motions were denied. [96] Shakur was ejected following an argument with Williams, and Hilton left with her as jury selection continued. [62] Shakur, in her autobiography, and Williams, in Inadmissible Evidence, both claim that it was difficult to find expert witnesses for the trial, because of the expense and because most forensic and ballistic specialists declined on the grounds of a conflict of interest when approached because they routinely performed such work for law enforcement officials. Chesimard v. Gagliardi, 489 F.2d 271 (2d Cir. She escaped from prison in 1979 and later fled to Cuba in 1984, where she gained political asylum. [76], During an interview, Assata Shakur discussed her treatment by the police and medical staff at Middlesex General Hospital. 1974). campaign is coordinated by Chicago-area Black Radical Congress activists. [133], Shakur was identified as a political prisoner as early as October 8, 1973, by Angela Davis,[180] and in an April 3, 1977, The New York Times advertisement purchased by the Easter Coalition for Human Rights. Shakur still frequently visited her grandparents in the south. Prial, Frank J. She was acquitted on three of the charges and three were dismissed. On May 2 1973, Black Panther activist Assata Shakur (fsn) Joanne Deborah Chesimard, was pulled over by the New Jersey State Police, shot twice and then charged with murder of a police officer. "[242], The Chicago Black activist group Assata's Daughters is named in her honor. [62][133] During the trial, hundreds of civil rights campaigners demonstrated outside of the Middlesex County courthouse each day. ", U.S. fugitive a hero to Fidel, but a curiosity to many, Officials Can't Confirm Chesimard Is in Havana, "BBC Radio 4 - 15 Minute Drama, Assata Shakur - The FBI's Most Wanted Woman, Episode 4", "H.Con.Res.254 105th Congress (1997-1998)", Congresswoman Waters issues statement on U.S. Freedom Fighter Assata Shakur. [245][246][247], In April 2018, a North Carolina court ordered that payment of $15,000 be made to Shakur's representative, her sister Beverly Goins, as part of a land deal. [173] When Kunstler first took on Shakur's case (before meeting her), he described her basement cell as "adequate", which nearly resulted in his dismissal as her attorney. One issue that was not raised publicly during his visit was the fate of Assata Shakur, the legendary figure within the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army who now lives in Cuba . ", Seedman, Albert and Peter Hellman. By Mirinda Crissman July 15, 2022 In honor of Assata Shakur's 75th birthday on July 16, the IAC is reprinting this slightly edited version of her open letter, first posted on Dec. 30, 2014. [134][151] Five jurors had personal ties to State Troopers (one girlfriend, two nephews, and two friends). [138] When Judge Appleby told the court attendants to "remove the prisoner", Shakur herself replied: "the prisoner will walk away on her own feet". & the Militant". (May 3, 1973), "2 Die in Shootout; Militant Seized". [45][46][47] Shakur was reported as one of six suspects in the ambushing of four policementwo in Jamaica, Queens, and two in Brooklynon January 28, 1973. Assata Shakur, or JoAnne Chesimard as the media and authorities continued to call her, was acknowledged to be the soul of the BLA. [101], Shakur personally cross-examined the witnesses, getting White to admit that he had once been in love with her; the same day, one juror (who had been frequently napping during the trial) was replaced with an alternate. Shakur, Assata (1987, New edition November 1, 1999). [184], In early 1979, "the Family", a group of BLA members, began to plan Shakur's escape from prison. She said that her aunt was "very sophisticated and knew all kinds of things. Abstract Marighella proposes two essential objectives for the urban guerrilla: physical liquidation of armed forces and police chiefs and assistants, and appropriation of government resources and those belonging to the elite . [23] She identified as an African and felt her old name no longer fit: "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. [134] All of the 15 jurorsten women and five menwere white, and most were under thirty years old. "Neurosurgeon's Testimony Backs Mrs. Chesimard". A few minutes later the prosecutor Barone disagreed with Kunstler's assessment saying the trial's outcome was decided "completely on the facts". Assata Shakur was born as JoAnne Deborah Byron in 1947, but after getting deep into political activism and fighting to end oppression with the Black Panther Party she changed her "slave name" and adopted the . "Warrant Issued In Police Slaying". ", "Trump calls on Cuba to return U.S. fugitives, including cop-killer Chesimard", "Like Water for Chocolate: Common's Recipe for Progressive Hip-Hop", "CUNY Chief Orders Names Stripped From Student Center", "First Amendment Violation Claim Proceeds Against College Over Removed Plaque", Two Scholarships Given New Names After Controversy, Superhero Inspiration for Course on 'Black Heroes', "Common Pulled From Kean University Commencement Speech After Police Complaints", "A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement", "Activists of every stripe unite in ICE civil disobedience", "Assata Shakur birthday honored by Women's March organizers", "When the 'Resistance' Gets Reprehensible", "Six months after the Women's March on Washington, the Resistance Revival has a message for Trump", "County pays $15K to FBI fugitive, part of Freeman Park land deal", The Cointelpro papers: documents from the FBI's secret wars against dissent in the United States, "New Most Wanted Terrorist Joanne Chesimard; First Woman Added to List," May 2, 2013, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Assata Shakur Speaks website in support of Shakur, "The Story of Joanne Chesimard," May 2003 editorial, NJLawman.com. [5][6], Assata Shakur was born Joanne Deborah Byron, in Flushing, Queens, New York City, on July 16, 1947. Hanley, Robert (November 4, 1979). Emery, Richard, and LaMarche, Gara (June 11, 1980). Assata Shakur was found guilty of the murder of both Foerster and her companion Zayd Shakur, . Shakur a former member of the Black Liberation Army had been injured during the shootout, which involved two other BLA members and State Troopers James Harper and Werner Foerster, the latter of which was killed. But first, we want to find out more about a woman named Joanne Deborah Chesimard, aka Assata Shakur. [147] Until obtaining a court order, Kunstler was forced to strip naked and undergo a body search before each visit with Shakurduring which Shakur was shackled to a bed by both ankles. [115] Shakur and co-defendant Ronald Myers were accused of entering the bar with pistols and shotguns, taking $50 from the register, kidnapping the bartender, leaving a note demanding a $20,000 ransom from the bar owner, and fleeing in a rented truck. Assata had several warrants for her arrest on charges . Hershberger, James (March 24, 2006). If one were to examine, closely, the hegemonic discourses of black American history, one would be surprised to . New Jersey State Police superintendent Rick Fuentes said "she is now 120pounds of money. [33][34][35], Shakur was wanted for questioning for wounding a police officer on January 26, 1972, who was attempting to serve a traffic summons in Brooklyn. "[123], In an open letter to Castro, chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Representative Maxine Waters of California later explained that many members of the Caucus (including herself) were against Shakur's extradition but had mistakenly voted for the bill, which was placed on the accelerated suspension calendar, generally reserved for non-controversial legislation. "Going Back to Class? [158], A key element of Shakur's defense was medical testimony meant to demonstrate that she was shot with her hands up and that she would have been subsequently unable to fire a weapon. Assata Olugbala Shakurpolitical activist, author, fugitive, and step-aunt of the famed, slain hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur was born JoAnne Deborah Bryon on July 16, 1947 in New York City, New York. [235] Her autobiography is studied together with those of Angela Davis and Elaine Brown, the only women activists of the Black Power movement who have published book-length autobiographies. Kirsta, Alix (May 29, 1999), "A black and white case Investigation Joanne Chesimard". [67] Kunstler had previously been successful in subpoenaing Kelley and Church for the trials of American Indian Movement (AIM) members charged with murdering FBI agents. [70], Shakur's defense attorneys were William Kunstler (the chief of Shakur's defense staff),[134] Stuart Ball, Robert Bloom, Raymond A. Shakur, Assata, and Lewis, Ida E. (November 1, 2000). [165] The prosecutor was C. Richard Gibbons. She became involved in political activism at Borough of Manhattan Community College and City College of New York. [208] In the six months preceding the publications of the book, Evelyn Williams, Shakur's aunt and attorney, made several trips to Cuba and served as a go-between with Hill. Quick Reference. The Fugitive: Why has the FBI placed a million-dollar bounty on Assata Shakur? [58][61][62] Acoli was driving the two-door vehicle, Assata Shakur was seated in the right front seat, and Zayd Shakur was in the right rear seat. Prial, Frank J. Olugbala means "savior" in Yoruba. Pace, Eric (December 27, 1971). Christol, 2001, p. 140. [64], Shakur was convicted on all eight counts: two murder charges, and six assault charges. I didn't feel like no Joanne, or no negro, or no amerikan. [78][134][137] Of these attorneys, Kunstler, Ball, Cohen, Myers, Stern and Williams appeared in court for the turnpike trial. [112] On April 26, while Shakur was pregnant,[108] New Jersey Governor Brendan Byrne signed an extradition order to move Shakur to New Jersey to face two counts of attempted murder, attempted assault, and possession of dangerous weapons related to the alleged ambush; however, Shakur declined to waive her right to an extradition hearing, and asked for a full hearing before Middlesex County Court Judge John E. [12], She was booked on charges of attempted robbery, felonious assault, reckless endangerment, and possession of a deadly weapon, then released on bail. Shakur was forcibly subdued and photographed by the FBI on the judge's order, after having refused to cooperate, believing that the FBI would use photo manipulation; a subsequent judge determined that the manners in which the photos were obtained violated Shakur's rights and ruled the new photos inadmissible. [58], According to a New Jersey Police spokesperson, Assata Shakur was on her way to a "new hideout in Philadelphia" and "heading ultimately for Washington". [149] Acoli did not testify or make any pre-trial statements, nor did he testify in his own trial or give a statement to the police. [25] In 1987, Shakur confirmed to a journalist that there was a drug connection in this incident but refused to elaborate. State correction officials disclosed in November 1979 that they had not run identity checks on Shakur's visitors[190] and that the three men and one woman who assisted in her escape had presented false identification to enter the prison's visitor room,[191] before which they were not searched. [64] That night, the second night of jury deliberation, the jury asked Judge Appleby to repeat his instructions regarding the four assault charges 30minutes before retiring for the night, which led to speculation that the jury had decided in Shakur's favor on the remaining charges, especially the two counts of murder. [150] The driver traveling north on the turnpike testified that he had seen a State Trooper struggling with a Black man between a white vehicle and a State Trooper car, whose revolving lights illuminated the area. [195] In July 1980, FBI director William H. Webster said that the search for Shakur had been frustrated by residents' refusal to cooperate, and a New York Times editorial opined that the department's commitment to "enforce the law with vigorbut also with sensitivity for civil rights and civil liberties" had been "clouded" by an "apparently crude sweep" through a Harlem building in search of Shakur. [212] Shakur later published an extensive criticism of the NBC segment, which inter-spliced footage of Trooper Foerster's grieving widow with an FBI photo connected to a bank robbery of which Shakur had been acquitted. [198] Since her escape, Shakur has been charged with unlawful flight to avoid imprisonment. Trooper Harper was wounded in the left shoulder, reported in "good" condition, and given a protective guard at the hospital. [63] In his opening statement to a jury, Hamlin said that Acoli shot Foerster with a .38 caliber semiautomatic pistol and used Foerster's own gun to "execute him". "Squire Charged With 'Execution'". The BLA's most notorious attack, however, came in 1972, when it carried out perhaps the most gruesome assassination of police officers in the history of New York, killing two patrolmen, Greg Foster. [155] Judge Appleby rejected Kunstler's claim that the juror had violated the order. In May 1973, Shakur and two other members of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) were pulled over on the New Jersey Turnpike by State Trooper Werner Foerster and another highway officer. [115] In November 1974, New York State Supreme Court Justice Peter Farrell dismissed the attempted murder indictment because of insufficient evidence, declaring "The court can only note with disapproval that virtually a year has passed before counsel made an application for the most basic relief permitted by law, namely an attack on the sufficiency of the evidence submitted by the grand jury. Nelson, Jim (February 29, 1988). [38][78] Of these trials, three resulted in acquittals, one in a hung jury, one in a change of venue, one in a mistrial due to pregnancy, and one in a conviction. [29][30][31][32] Law enforcement officials in Atlanta, Georgia, said that Shakur and Jackson had lived together in Atlanta for several months in the summer of 1971. [117] Freeman was said to have later escaped unhurt. [67] The motion (argued March 2)which also asked the court to require the production of memos, tapes, documents, and photographs of alleged COINTELPRO involvement from 1970 to 1973was denied.[67][135]. [241], In 2015, Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza writes: "When I use Assata's powerful demand in my organizing work, I always begin by sharing where it comes from, sharing about Assata's significance to the Black Liberation Movement, what its political purpose and message is, and why it's important in our context. [12][10][201], In an open letter, Shakur has called Cuba "One of the Largest, Most Resistant and Most Courageous Palenques (Maroon Camps) that has ever existed on the Face of this Planet". Assata Shakur, Assata: An Autobiography 65 likes Like "Schools in amerika are interested in brainwashing people with amerikanism, giving them a little bit of education, and training them in skills needed to fill the positions the capitalist system requires. Chesimard, along with former Black Panthers turned Black Liberation Army soldiers, literally waged war against America by ambushing and murdering unsuspecting police officers who they considered to be enemy combatants. [248], "Assata" redirects here. Farley, Anthony Paul (Fall 2005). [122] The jury determined that a widely circulated FBI photo allegedly showing Shakur participating in the robbery was not her. Lichtenstein, Grace (December 11, 1973). 1977) Assata Shakur was born Joanne Deborah Byron and was raised middle-class in Queens. - The Washington Post", "Black Liberation Army: Understanding - Monitoring - Controlling", "Joanne Chesimard First Woman Named to Most Wanted Terrorists List", "Wanted by the FBI Fugitive Joanne Deborah Chesimard", "FBI makes Joanne Chesimard the first woman to appear on most-wanted list", "Woman Shot in Struggle With Her Alleged Victim", "Death of cop Richard Rainey could have been due to 1981 shooting, could mean life in jail for shooter Abdul Majid", Jury in Chesimard Murder Trial Listens to State Police Radio Tapes, Chesimard Jury Asks Clarification of Assault Charges, Mrs. Chesimard, on Stand, Denies Having Weapon in Turnpike Shooting, Joanne Chesimard Is Acquitted In Robbery of a Bank in Queens, Doctor Testifies On Bullet Scars in Chesimard Trial, "Assata Shakur: from civil rights activist to FBI's most-wanted", Chesimard Murder Trial Opens in New Brunswick, "Raymond A. [122] The prosecution showed surveillance photos of four of the six alleged robbers, contending that one of them was Shakur wearing a wig. Johnston, Richard J. She spent 6 and a half years in prison before . [7] She lived for three years with her mother, school teacher Doris E. Johnson, and retired grandparents, Lula and Frank Hill. [38] The FBI said these included the "execution style murders" of New York City Police Officers Joseph Piagentini and Waverly Jones on May 21, 1971, and NYPD officers Gregory Foster and Rocco Laurie on January 28, 1972. [193] In New York, three days after her escape, more than 5,000 demonstrators organized by the National Black Human Rights Coalition carried signs with the same slogan. ", then displayed a revolver and demanded money. In 1987, her presence in Cuba became widely known when she agreed to be interviewed by Newsday. At that time, eight men who came to be known as the San Francisco 8 were accused of killing Sgt. 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